Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Hospital das Clínicas Telehealth Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Nat Rev Cardiol. 2024 Dec;21(12):849-864. doi: 10.1038/s41569-024-01058-2. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
In Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), sociodemographic context, socioeconomic disparities and the high level of urbanization provide a unique entry point to reflect on the burden of cardiometabolic disease in the region. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in LAC, precipitated by population growth and ageing together with a rapid increase in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, predominantly obesity and diabetes mellitus, over the past four decades. Strategies to address this growing cardiometabolic burden include both population-wide and individual-based initiatives tailored to the specific challenges faced by different LAC countries, which are heterogeneous. The implementation of public policies to reduce smoking and health system approaches to control hypertension are examples of scalable strategies. The challenges faced by LAC are also opportunities to foster innovative approaches to combat the high burden of cardiometabolic diseases such as implementing digital health interventions and team-based initiatives. This Review provides a summary of trends in the epidemiology of cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors in LAC as well as context-specific disease determinants and potential solutions to improve cardiometabolic health in the region.
在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LAC），社会人口背景、社会经济差距以及高水平的城市化提供了一个独特的切入点，可以反思该地区心血管代谢疾病的负担。心血管疾病是 LAC 的主要死因，过去四十年间，人口增长和老龄化以及肥胖和糖尿病等心血管代谢危险因素的患病率迅速上升，共同导致了这一情况的发生。应对这种日益增长的心血管代谢负担的策略包括针对不同 LAC 国家面临的具体挑战量身定制的全人群和个体化举措，这些国家具有异质性。实施减少吸烟的公共政策和控制高血压的卫生系统方法是可扩展策略的例子。LAC 面临的挑战也是促进创新方法应对心血管代谢疾病高负担的机会，例如实施数字健康干预措施和基于团队的举措。本综述总结了 LAC 地区心血管代谢疾病及其危险因素的流行趋势，以及特定于该地区的疾病决定因素和改善该地区心血管代谢健康的潜在解决方案。
