Alimba Chibuisi Gideon
Cell Biology and Genetics, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2024 Jun;39(2):e2024022-0. doi: 10.5620/eaht.2024022. Epub 2024 Jun 27.
Solid waste disposal generates leachate, a mixture of deleterious chemical, physical and microbial contaminants, which poses risk to human and wildlife health. Leachate toxicity on relative organ weight and histopathology of important viscera in mammalian body is scarce. Leachate induced toxic effects on organosomatic indices and histopathology of vital mammalian organs were investigated. Wister rats were orally exposed to 1 - 25 % of raw and simulated leachates from Aba-Eku and Olusosun landfills for 30 days. At post-exposure, organosomatic index and histoarchitectural assessment of major viscera (heart, spleen, thymus and lungs) were conducted. The physico-chemical and organic compositions of the leachates were analysed using standard protocol. The tested leachates decreased weekly and terminal body weights, and altered organosomatic index of examined viscera in rats. The histoarchitecture of the investigated viscera revealed pathologies that ranged from mild to severe degeneration, cellular infiltration, haemorrhage, congestion, necrosis, disorganization of tissues and vacuolations. Others include increased histiocytes within the bronchial associated lymphoid, lymphoid depletions, haemosiderin deposits and apoptosis were observed in the examined viscera. Physico-chemical analysis of the leachates showed different concentrations of toxic metals, PAHs and PCBs that were higher than national and international permissible limits allowed in wastewaters. The physico-chemical compositions of the leachates are capable of eliciting the observed alterations in organosomatic indices and histopathological lesions in mammalian viscera. Xenobiotic components of the leachates possibly generated free radicals and/or directly disrupted the organ architectures. These findings suggest health risk to wildlife and human population exposed to emissions from waste landfills.
固体废物处理会产生渗滤液，这是一种含有有害化学、物理和微生物污染物的混合物，对人类和野生动物健康构成风险。关于渗滤液对哺乳动物体内重要内脏器官相对器官重量和组织病理学影响的研究很少。本研究调查了渗滤液对重要哺乳动物器官的器官体指数和组织病理学的毒性作用。将Wister大鼠口服暴露于来自阿巴-埃库和奥卢索孙垃圾填埋场的1%-25%的原生渗滤液和模拟渗滤液中，持续30天。暴露后，对主要内脏器官（心脏、脾脏、胸腺和肺）进行器官体指数和组织架构评估。使用标准方法分析渗滤液的物理化学和有机成分。受试渗滤液使大鼠的每周体重和终末体重下降，并改变了所检查内脏器官的器官体指数。所研究内脏器官的组织架构显示出从轻度到重度的病变，包括变性、细胞浸润、出血、充血、坏死、组织紊乱和空泡形成。其他病变包括在检查的内脏器官中观察到支气管相关淋巴组织内的组织细胞增多、淋巴细胞减少、含铁血黄素沉积和细胞凋亡。渗滤液的物理化学分析表明，其有毒金属、多环芳烃和多氯联苯的浓度高于国家和国际废水允许的限值。渗滤液的物理化学组成能够引发所观察到的哺乳动物内脏器官体指数变化和组织病理学损伤。渗滤液中的外源性成分可能产生自由基和/或直接破坏器官结构。这些发现表明，暴露于垃圾填埋场排放物中的野生动物和人类面临健康风险。
