Nik Azis Nik Madihah, Abdul Shukor Siti Nuramanina, Razali Masfueh, Zakaria Hanis Yasreena, Zabarulla Nur Zafira
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Digit Health. 2024 Jul 21;10:20552076241264154. doi: 10.1177/20552076241264154. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.
Digital computerized assessment can provide objective values for the measurement of gingival pigmentation. This study aims to compare the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage Lab color space (CIELAB) values and the computerized intensity values (CIVs) from digital imaging with clinical evaluations using the Dummett-Gupta Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI) for assessing gingival pigmentation in a multi-ethnic population.
Digital photographs of 188 participants were taken using standardized parameters. The buccal gingival pigmentation was evaluated using three methods (a) a clinical evaluation by two independent assessors using the DOPI, (b) the CIELAB values using the Adobe Photoshop® software (Version 23.1.1) and (c) the CIV calculated using the ImageJ software (Version 1.53k). A hierarchical clustering analysis was used to identify colour groups that clustered together. Agreement between the clinical and digital categorization of the pigmentation was carried out using weighted kappa analysis. Agreements between CIELAB and CIV were compared using intra-class correlation coefficient.
There was a statistically significant difference in the DOPI, the L*, a*, and b* coordinates, and the CIV between the different ethnic groups of the participants. Cluster analysis for the CIELAB and CIV both identified four clusters. The gingival pigmentation categorization using the L*, a*, and b* values moderately agreed with the clinical evaluation using the DOPI index while the categorization with the CIV was in slight agreement with the clinical evaluations.
This study identified four clusters of gingival pigmentation in 188 multi-ethnic participants. The clusters, determined by CIELAB values, align with the clinical assessment of gingival pigmentation. Digital measurements derived from clinical photographs can serve as an effective means of pigmentation measurement in dental clinics.
数字计算机化评估可为牙龈色素沉着的测量提供客观值。本研究旨在比较国际照明委员会实验室颜色空间（CIELAB）值和数字成像的计算机化强度值（CIV）与使用达米特 - 古普塔口腔色素沉着指数（DOPI）进行的临床评估，以评估多民族人群的牙龈色素沉着。
使用标准化参数拍摄188名参与者的数码照片。采用三种方法评估颊侧牙龈色素沉着：（a）由两名独立评估者使用DOPI进行临床评估；（b）使用Adobe Photoshop®软件（版本23.1.1）获取CIELAB值；（c）使用ImageJ软件（版本1.53k）计算CIV。采用层次聚类分析来识别聚集在一起的颜色组。使用加权kappa分析对色素沉着的临床和数字分类之间的一致性进行评估。使用组内相关系数比较CIELAB和CIV之间的一致性。
参与者不同种族群体之间的DOPI、L*、a和b坐标以及CIV存在统计学显著差异。CIELAB和CIV的聚类分析均识别出四个聚类。使用L*、a和b值进行的牙龈色素沉着分类与使用DOPI指数的临床评估中度一致，而使用CIV的分类与临床评估略有一致。
本研究在188名多民族参与者中识别出四组牙龈色素沉着。由CIELAB值确定的聚类与牙龈色素沉着的临床评估一致。从临床照片得出的数字测量可作为牙科诊所色素沉着测量的有效手段。
