Sakai Noriaki, Komi Kazuhiro, Nishino Naoya, Kuroki Yutaka, Nishino Seiji
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Center for Doctors' Career Development, Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan.
Sleep Adv. 2024 Jul 10;5(1):zpae047. doi: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae047. eCollection 2024.
Tongkat Ali (TA), also known as Eurycoma longifolia, has been used as a traditional herbal medicine for anti-aging, evidenced by clinical trials presenting the beneficial effects on energy, fatigue, and mood disturbance. We have recently shown that TA supplementation dose-dependently enhances the rest-activity pattern in C57BL/6 mice. Since destabilization of wakefulness and sleep is one of the typical symptoms of not only the elderly but also narcolepsy, we performed sleep analysis with and without dietary TA extract supplementation in middle-aged (10-12 months old) wild-type (WT) and narcoleptic DTA mice. We found that TA supplementation enhanced diurnal rhythms of locomotion and temperature in a time-of-day-dependent manner in WT mice but attenuated in DTA mice. In WT mice, TA supplementation consolidated wakefulness with a long bout duration and led to less entries into the sleep state during the active period, while it consolidated NREM sleep with long bout duration during the resting period. Neither disturbed sleep and wake cycles nor cataplexy was sufficiently improved in DTA mice. EEG spectral analysis revealed that TA supplementation enhanced slow wave activity (SWA) at both delta and low delta frequencies (0.5-4.0 and 0.5-2.0 Hz) during the light period, suggesting TA extract may induce vigilance during the active period, which then elicits a rebound effect during the resting period. Interestingly, DTA mice also slightly, but significantly, increased SWA at low frequencies during the light period. Taken together, our results suggest that TA supplementation enhances the Yin-Yang balance of sleep, temperature, and locomotion in WT mice, while its efficacy is limited in narcoleptic mice.
东革阿里（TA），也被称为长叶刺蒺藜，已被用作传统草药用于抗衰老，临床试验证明其对能量、疲劳和情绪障碍有有益影响。我们最近发现，补充TA能剂量依赖性地增强C57BL/6小鼠的休息-活动模式。由于觉醒和睡眠的不稳定不仅是老年人的典型症状之一，也是发作性睡病的典型症状之一，我们在中年（10-12个月大）野生型（WT）和发作性睡病DTA小鼠中进行了有无膳食TA提取物补充的睡眠分析。我们发现，补充TA以时间依赖性方式增强了WT小鼠的运动和体温昼夜节律，但在DTA小鼠中减弱。在WT小鼠中，补充TA巩固了长时间的觉醒，导致活跃期进入睡眠状态的次数减少，而在休息期它巩固了长时间的非快速眼动睡眠。DTA小鼠的睡眠和觉醒周期紊乱以及猝倒均未得到充分改善。脑电图频谱分析显示，补充TA在光照期增强了δ和低δ频率（0.5-4.0和0.5-2.0赫兹）的慢波活动（SWA），表明TA提取物可能在活跃期诱导警觉，然后在休息期引发反弹效应。有趣的是，DTA小鼠在光照期低频SWA也略有但显著增加。综上所述，我们的结果表明，补充TA可增强WT小鼠睡眠、体温和运动的阴阳平衡，而其在发作性睡病小鼠中的疗效有限。
