de Hoz Livia, McAlpine David
Neuroscience Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Jul 4;13(7):501. doi: 10.3390/biology13070501.
What is noise? When does a sound form part of the acoustic background and when might it come to our attention as part of the foreground? Our brain seems to filter out irrelevant sounds in a seemingly effortless process, but how this is achieved remains opaque and, to date, unparalleled by any algorithm. In this review, we discuss how noise can be both background and foreground, depending on what a listener/brain is trying to achieve. We do so by addressing questions concerning the brain's potential bias to interpret certain sounds as part of the background, the extent to which the interpretation of sounds depends on the context in which they are heard, as well as their ethological relevance, task-dependence, and a listener's overall mental state. We explore these questions with specific regard to the implicit, or statistical, learning of sounds and the role of feedback loops between cortical and subcortical auditory structures.
什么是噪声？一种声音何时构成声学背景的一部分，又何时可能作为前景的一部分引起我们的注意？我们的大脑似乎能在一个看似毫不费力的过程中过滤掉无关的声音，但这一过程是如何实现的仍不明确，而且迄今为止，任何算法都无法与之相媲美。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论噪声如何既可以是背景又可以是前景，这取决于听众/大脑试图达成的目标。我们通过探讨有关大脑将某些声音解释为背景一部分的潜在偏向、声音的解释在多大程度上取决于其被听到的背景，以及它们的行为学相关性、任务依赖性和听众的整体心理状态等问题来进行讨论。我们将特别针对声音的内隐学习或统计学习以及皮层和皮层下听觉结构之间反馈回路的作用来探讨这些问题。
