Wang Chengxin, Hu Linghui, Song Yong, Xie Haoyang, Yang Liting, Serekbol Gulden, Huo Bin, Chen Shengao
College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim Research Center of Rare Fishes, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim Research Center of Rare Fishes, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Jul 11;13(7):517. doi: 10.3390/biology13070517.
Schizothoracinae species are the largest group of Cypriniformes that readily adapt to the natural conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This group has habitat characteristics and distribution patterns centered on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To study the evolution of three Schizothoracinae species in Northwest China, the evolutionary characteristics of these species were explored based on differences in otolith morphology and skeletal morphology. From 2020 to 2022, 138 samples (63 , 35 and 40 ) were collected from the Tarim River and Ili River, 6 basic morphological parameters of otoliths were measured and converted into 6 morphological factors and 7 morphological indices. A total of 77 Fourier transform coefficients of each otolith were selected The first three principal components accounted for 92.834% of the total variation in 13 otolith morphological indices of the three Schizothoracinae species, and the overall discrimination rate was 94.20%. According to the principal component analysis of 77 Fourier harmonic values of otoliths, the first 20 principal components explained 97.233% of the total variation, and the overall discrimination rate was 100%. The results of the cluster analysis directly reflected the relationships between related species. The differences in the bone morphology of the three Schizothoracinae species were particularly reflected in the number of whiskers, pharyngeal teeth and vertebrae, and there were also significant differences in the shapes of the sphenotic (SP), pterotic (PTE), preoperculum (PO), branchiostegal ray (BRA) and basibranchial (BB) bones. Their unique morphological and skeletal characteristics are closely related to geological changes and water system evolutionary trends. This study contributes to the understanding of species identification and the evolutionary status of plateau fishes, provides a reference for further evolutionary classification and for assessing the evolutionary mechanisms of plateau fishes, and provides a scientific basis for phylogeny and germplasm resource protection.
裂腹鱼亚科物种是鲤形目中最大的类群，能很好地适应青藏高原的自然条件。该类群具有以青藏高原为中心的栖息地特征和分布格局。为研究中国西北三种裂腹鱼亚科物种的进化情况，基于耳石形态和骨骼形态差异，对这些物种的进化特征进行了探究。2020年至2022年，从塔里木河和伊犁河采集了138个样本（分别为63个、35个和40个），测量了耳石的6个基本形态参数，并将其转换为6个形态因子和7个形态指数。共选取了每个耳石的77个傅里叶变换系数。前三个主成分占三种裂腹鱼亚科物种13个耳石形态指数总变异的92.834%，总体判别率为94.20%。根据耳石77个傅里叶谐波值的主成分分析，前20个主成分解释了总变异的97.233%，总体判别率为100%。聚类分析结果直接反映了相关物种之间的关系。三种裂腹鱼亚科物种的骨骼形态差异尤其体现在须的数量、咽齿和椎骨数量上，蝶耳骨（SP）、翼耳骨（PTE）、前鳃盖骨（PO）、鳃条骨（BRA）和基鳃骨（BB）的形状也存在显著差异。它们独特的形态和骨骼特征与地质变化和水系演化趋势密切相关。本研究有助于了解高原鱼类的物种鉴定和进化地位，为进一步的进化分类以及评估高原鱼类的进化机制提供参考，为系统发育和种质资源保护提供科学依据。
