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通过空芯光纤和多芯光纤实现量子密钥分发与经典通信的增强共存

Enhanced Coexistence of Quantum Key Distribution and Classical Communication over Hollow-Core and Multi-Core Fibers.

作者信息

Kong Weiwen, Sun Yongmei, Dou Tianqi, Xie Yuheng, Li Zhenhua, Gao Yaoxian, Zhao Qi, Chen Na, Gao Wenpeng, Hao Yuanchen, Han Peizhe, Liu Yang, Tang Jianjun

机构信息

China Telecom Research Institute, Beijing 102200, China.

The State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.

出版信息

Entropy (Basel). 2024 Jul 15;26(7):601. doi: 10.3390/e26070601.

DOI:10.3390/e26070601
PMID:39056963
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11275463/
Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the impact of classical optical communications in quantum key distribution (QKD) over hollow-core fiber (HCF), multi-core fiber (MCF) and single-core fiber (SCF) and propose wavelength allocation schemes to enhance QKD performance. Firstly, we theoretically analyze noise interference in QKD over HCF, MCF and SCF, such as spontaneous Raman scattering (SpRS) and four-wave mixing (FWM). To mitigate these noise types and optimize QKD performance, we propose a joint noise suppression wavelength allocation (JSWA) scheme. FWM noise suppression wavelength allocation and Raman noise suppression wavelength allocation are also proposed for comparison. The JSWA scheme indicates a significant enhancement in extending the simultaneous transmission distance of classical signals and QKD, reaching approximately 100 km in HCF and 165 km in MCF under a classical power per channel of 10 dBm. Therefore, MCF offers a longer secure transmission distance compared with HCF when classical signals and QKD coexist in the C-band. However, when classical signals are in the C-band and QKD operates in the O-band, the performance of QKD in HCF surpasses that in MCF. This research establishes technical foundations for the design and deployment of QKD optical networks.

摘要

在本文中，我们研究了经典光通信在中空光纤（HCF）、多芯光纤（MCF）和单芯光纤（SCF）上的量子密钥分发（QKD）中的影响，并提出了波长分配方案以提高QKD性能。首先，我们从理论上分析了在HCF、MCF和SCF上进行QKD时的噪声干扰，如自发拉曼散射（SpRS）和四波混频（FWM）。为了减轻这些噪声类型并优化QKD性能，我们提出了一种联合噪声抑制波长分配（JSWA）方案。还提出了FWM噪声抑制波长分配和拉曼噪声抑制波长分配以作比较。JSWA方案表明，在每通道经典功率为10 dBm的情况下，在扩展经典信号和QKD的同时传输距离方面有显著增强，在HCF中达到约100 km，在MCF中达到165 km。因此，当经典信号和QKD在C波段共存时，与HCF相比，MCF提供了更长的安全传输距离。然而，当经典信号在C波段而QKD在O波段运行时，HCF中QKD的性能超过MCF中的性能。本研究为QKD光网络的设计和部署奠定了技术基础。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/b8e373b3ad40/entropy-26-00601-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/8047470bb13d/entropy-26-00601-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/ca28e7c6a784/entropy-26-00601-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/a88403e374ee/entropy-26-00601-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/31489ced4fdd/entropy-26-00601-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/8ff100f2e8e9/entropy-26-00601-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/d77066bec980/entropy-26-00601-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/7ed52ba2b8aa/entropy-26-00601-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/b8e373b3ad40/entropy-26-00601-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/8047470bb13d/entropy-26-00601-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/ca28e7c6a784/entropy-26-00601-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/a88403e374ee/entropy-26-00601-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/31489ced4fdd/entropy-26-00601-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/8ff100f2e8e9/entropy-26-00601-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/d77066bec980/entropy-26-00601-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/7ed52ba2b8aa/entropy-26-00601-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d1a9/11275463/b8e373b3ad40/entropy-26-00601-g008.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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Experimental Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution over 1000 km Fiber Distance.在1000公里光纤距离上的实验性双场量子密钥分发
Phys Rev Lett. 2023 May 26;130(21):210801. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.210801.
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Low-loss microwave photonics links using hollow core fibres.使用空心光纤的低损耗微波光子链路。
Light Sci Appl. 2022 Jul 7;11(1):213. doi: 10.1038/s41377-022-00908-3.
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Integration in the C-band between quantum key distribution and the classical channel of 25 dBm launch power over multicore fiber media.在多芯光纤介质上，量子密钥分发与发射功率为25 dBm的经典信道在C波段的集成。
Opt Lett. 2022 Jun 15;47(12):3111-3114. doi: 10.1364/OL.463545.
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Practical quantum access network over a 10 Gbit/s Ethernet passive optical network.基于10 Gbit/s以太网无源光网络的实用量子接入网络。
Opt Express. 2021 Nov 8;29(23):38582-38590. doi: 10.1364/OE.442785.
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Coexistence of quantum key distribution and optical transport network based on standard single-mode fiber at high launch power.基于标准单模光纤在高发射功率下的量子密钥分发与光传输网络的共存。
Opt Lett. 2021 Jun 1;46(11):2573-2576. doi: 10.1364/OL.426175.
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Modeling optical fiber space division multiplexed quantum key distribution systems.光纤空分复用量子密钥分发系统建模
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Experimental wavelength-space division multiplexing of quantum key distribution with classical optical communication over multicore fiber.基于多芯光纤实现量子密钥分发与经典光通信的实验性波长-空分复用。
Opt Express. 2019 Feb 18;27(4):5125-5135. doi: 10.1364/OE.27.005125.
8
Optimized channel allocation scheme for jointly reducing four-wave mixing and Raman scattering in the DWDM-QKD system.用于在密集波分复用量子密钥分发（DWDM-QKD）系统中联合降低四波混频和拉曼散射的优化信道分配方案。
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9
Overcoming the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution without quantum repeaters.在不使用量子中继器的情况下突破量子密钥分发的速率-距离限制。
Nature. 2018 May;557(7705):400-403. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0066-6. Epub 2018 May 2.
10
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