Bertuccio Francesco Rocco, Baio Nicola, Montini Simone, Ferroni Valentina, Chino Vittorio, Pisanu Lucrezia, Russo Marianna, Giana Ilaria, Cascina Alessandro, Conio Valentina, Grosso Amelia, Gini Erica, Albicini Federica, Corsico Angelo Guido, Stella Giulia Maria
Unit of Respiratory Disease, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Department of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Jun 29;46(7):6675-6689. doi: 10.3390/cimb46070398.
Specific molecular and inflammatory endotypes have been identified for chronic respiratory disorders, including asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). These endotypes correspond with clinical aspects of disease, enabling targeted medicines to address certain pathophysiologic pathways, often referred to as "precision medicine". With respect to bronchiectasis, many comorbidities and underlying causes have been identified. Inflammatory endotypes have also been widely studied and reported. Additionally, several genes have been shown to affect disease progression. However, the lack of a clear classification has also hampered our understanding of the disease's natural course. The aim of this review is, thus, to summarize the current knowledge on biomarkers and actionable targets of this complex pathologic condition and to point out unmet needs, which are required in the design of effective diagnostic and therapeutic trials.
已确定慢性呼吸系统疾病（包括哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD））的特定分子和炎症内型。这些内型与疾病的临床特征相对应，使靶向药物能够针对某些病理生理途径，这通常被称为“精准医学”。关于支气管扩张，已确定了许多合并症和潜在病因。炎症内型也得到了广泛研究和报道。此外，已证明有几个基因会影响疾病进展。然而，缺乏明确的分类也阻碍了我们对该疾病自然病程的理解。因此，本综述的目的是总结关于这种复杂病理状况的生物标志物和可操作靶点的现有知识，并指出有效诊断和治疗试验设计中所需的未满足需求。
