Babonaitė Milda, Striogaitė Emilija, Grigorianaitė Goda, Lazutka Juozas Rimantas
Institute of Biosciences, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, 7 Sauletekio Ave., LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024 Jul 4;46(7):6986-7000. doi: 10.3390/cimb46070417.
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly applied in a wide range of technological and medical applications. While their use offers numerous benefits, it also raises concerns regarding their safety. Therefore, understanding their cytotoxic effects and DNA-damaging properties is crucial for ensuring the safe application of NPs. In this study, DNA-damaging properties of PVP-coated silver, silica, aluminum oxide (13 nm and 50 nm), and gold (5 nm and 40 nm) NPs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were investigated. NPs' internalization and induction of reactive oxygen species were evaluated using flow cytometry. Cytotoxic properties were determined using a dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining technique while DNA-damaging properties were assessed using an alkaline comet assay. We observed that Ag, SiO, and both sizes of AlO NPs were efficiently internalized by human PBMCs, but only PVP-AgNPs (at 10-30 µg/mL) and SiO NPs (at concentrations > 100 µg/mL) induced significant DNA damage after a 24 h exposure. In contrast, the uptake of both sizes of gold nanoparticles was limited, though they were able to cause significant DNA damage after a 3 h exposure. These findings highlight the different responses of human PBMCs to various NPs, emphasizing the importance of their size, composition, and internalization rates in nanotoxicology testing.
纳米颗粒（NPs）越来越广泛地应用于各种技术和医学领域。尽管它们的使用带来了诸多益处，但也引发了人们对其安全性的担忧。因此，了解它们的细胞毒性作用和DNA损伤特性对于确保纳米颗粒的安全应用至关重要。在本研究中，我们调查了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）包覆的银、二氧化硅、氧化铝（13纳米和50纳米）以及金（5纳米和40纳米）纳米颗粒在人外周血单核细胞（PBMCs）中的DNA损伤特性。使用流式细胞术评估纳米颗粒的内化情况和活性氧的诱导情况。使用双吖啶橙/溴化乙锭染色技术测定细胞毒性特性，同时使用碱性彗星试验评估DNA损伤特性。我们观察到，银、二氧化硅以及两种尺寸的氧化铝纳米颗粒都能被人外周血单核细胞有效内化，但只有PVP包覆的银纳米颗粒（10 - 30微克/毫升）和二氧化硅纳米颗粒（浓度>100微克/毫升）在暴露24小时后会诱导显著的DNA损伤。相比之下，两种尺寸的金纳米颗粒的摄取量有限，不过它们在暴露3小时后能够造成显著的DNA损伤。这些发现突出了人外周血单核细胞对各种纳米颗粒的不同反应，强调了它们的尺寸、组成和内化率在纳米毒理学测试中的重要性。
