Cabello Tomas, Gallego Juan Ramón, Lopez Inmaculada, Gamez Manuel, Garay Jozsef
Centre for Agribusiness Biotechnology Research, University of Almería, La Cañada de S. Urbano, s/n, ES-04120 Almería, Spain.
Department of Mathematics, University of Almería, La Cañada de S. Urbano, s/n, ES-04120 Almería, Spain.
Insects. 2024 Jul 3;15(7):496. doi: 10.3390/insects15070496.
Over recent decades, intraguild predation (IGP) has attracted special attention, both from the theoretical and practical standpoints. The present paper addresses the interference competition between two species (egg parasitoids)-on the one hand, the extrinsic interactions (i.e., the indirect competition between female and ), and on the other, the intrinsic interactions between the larvae of both species. Furthermore, is a better competitor than due to a dual mechanism-the former acts as a facultative hyperparasitoid of the latter, exclusively considering parasitism relationships as well as presenting predation activity by host feeding, which gives preference to eggs previously parasitized by over non-parasitized eggs. Both mechanisms are dependent on the prey density, which is demonstrated by a change in the functional response (i.e., the relationship between the numbers of prey attacked at different prey densities) of adult female-it changes from type II (i.e., initial phase in which the number of attacked targets increases hyperbolically and then reaches an asymptote, reflecting the handling capacity of the predator), in the absence of competition (an instantaneous search rate of ' = 9.996 ± 4.973 days and a handling time of = 0.018 ± 0.001 days), to type I (i.e., linear increase in parasitism rate as host densities rise, until reaching a maximum parasitism rate, and an instantaneous search rate of ' = 0.879 ± 0.072 days and a handling time of ≈ 0) when interference competition is present. These results show that there is a greater mortality potential of this species, , in conditions of competition with other species, in this case. Based on this, their implications in relation to the biological control of pests by parasitoid species are discussed.
在最近几十年里，种内捕食（IGP）无论在理论还是实践层面都引起了特别关注。本文探讨了两种物种（卵寄生蜂）之间的干扰竞争——一方面是外在相互作用（即雌蜂之间的间接竞争），另一方面是两种物种幼虫之间的内在相互作用。此外，由于双重机制，[物种名称1]比[物种名称2]更具竞争力——前者作为后者的兼性重寄生蜂，仅考虑寄生关系，同时通过取食寄主表现出捕食活动，相较于未被寄生的卵，它更倾向于取食先前被[物种名称2]寄生的卵。这两种机制都依赖于猎物密度，这通过[物种名称1]成年雌蜂功能反应的变化得以证明（即不同猎物密度下被攻击猎物数量之间的关系）——在没有竞争的情况下（瞬时搜索率‘ = 9.996 ± 4.973天，处理时间 = 0.018 ± 0.001天），它从II型（即初始阶段被攻击目标数量呈双曲线增加，然后达到渐近线，反映捕食者的处理能力）转变为I型（即随着寄主密度增加寄生率呈线性增加，直至达到最大寄生率，瞬时搜索率‘ = 0.879 ± 0.072天，处理时间 ≈ 0），当存在干扰竞争时。这些结果表明，在与其他物种竞争的条件下，这种物种[物种名称1]具有更大的死亡潜力，在这种情况下是与[物种名称2]竞争。基于此，讨论了它们对寄生蜂物种控制害虫生物防治的影响。
