Lukhtanov Vladimir A, Dantchenko Alexander V
Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
Insects. 2024 Jul 19;15(7):545. doi: 10.3390/insects15070545.
The detection of cryptic species in complexes that have undergone recent speciation is often difficult, since many standard nuclear markers have not yet accumulated differences between closely related taxa, and differences in mitochondrial markers can be leveled out due to mitochondrial introgressions. In these cases, the use of derived chromosomal characters such as non-ancestral chromosomal numbers and/or unusual karyotype features may be a solution to the species delimitation problem. However, non-ancestral but similar karyotypes may arise secondarily as a result of homoplastic evolution, and their interpretation as homologies may lead to incorrect taxonomic conclusions. In our study, we show that the combined use of mitochondrial DNA barcodes and karyotypes helps to solve this problem and identifies cryptic species in situations where each of these markers does not work individually. Using this approach, we show that the fauna of Armenia and adjacent Iran includes the following cryptic taxa of the species complex (haploid chromosome number, in parentheses): ( = 90), , subsp. nov ( close to 90), , sp. nov. ( = 77-79), , sp. nov. ( = 86), ( = 73-75), , subsp. nov. ( = 71-73), ( = 79) and ( = 29-34). is synonymized with .
在经历了近期物种形成的复合物种中检测隐存种往往很困难，因为许多标准核标记在亲缘关系密切的分类群之间尚未积累差异，并且由于线粒体渐渗，线粒体标记的差异可能会被消除。在这些情况下，使用衍生的染色体特征，如非祖先染色体数目和/或异常核型特征，可能是解决物种界定问题的一种方法。然而，非祖先但相似的核型可能会由于同塑性进化而次生出现，将它们解释为同源性可能会导致错误的分类学结论。在我们的研究中，我们表明线粒体DNA条形码和核型的联合使用有助于解决这个问题，并在这些标记单独使用均无效的情况下识别出隐存种。使用这种方法，我们表明亚美尼亚和邻近伊朗的动物区系包括以下该复合物种的隐存分类单元（单倍体染色体数目，括号内）：（ = 90），，新亚种（接近90），，新种（ = 77 - 79），，新种（ = 86），（ = 73 - 75），，新亚种（ = 71 - 73），（ = 79）和（ = 29 - 34）。被同义化为。
