Ramphal Yajna, Tegally Houriiyah, San James Emmanuel, Reichmuth Martina Larissa, Hofstra Marije, Wilkinson Eduan, Baxter Cheryl, de Oliveira Tulio, Moir Monika
Centre for Epidemic Response Innovation (CERI), School for Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa.
Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Pathogens. 2024 Jul 22;13(7):605. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13070605.
The Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses a significant global public health concern, especially in Africa. Since its first isolation in Tanzania in 1953, CHIKV has caused recurrent outbreaks, challenging healthcare systems in low-resource settings. Recent outbreaks in Africa highlight the dynamic nature of CHIKV transmission and the challenges of underreporting and underdiagnosis. Here, we review the literature and analyse publicly available cases, outbreaks, and genomic data, providing insights into the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and transmission dynamics of CHIKV in Africa. Our analyses reveal the circulation of geographically distinct CHIKV genotypes, with certain regions experiencing a disproportionate burden of disease. Phylogenetic analysis of sporadic outbreaks in West Africa suggests repeated emergence of the virus through enzootic spillover, which is markedly different from inferred transmission dynamics in East Africa, where the virus is often introduced from Asian outbreaks, including the recent reintroduction of the Indian Ocean lineage from the Indian subcontinent to East Africa. Furthermore, there is limited evidence of viral movement between these two regions. Understanding the history and transmission dynamics of outbreaks is crucial for effective public health planning. Despite advances in surveillance and research, diagnostic and surveillance challenges persist. This review and secondary analysis highlight the importance of ongoing surveillance, research, and collaboration to mitigate the burden of CHIKV in Africa and improve public health outcomes.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）引发了重大的全球公共卫生问题，在非洲尤为如此。自1953年在坦桑尼亚首次分离出该病毒以来，CHIKV已引发多次疫情，给资源匮乏地区的医疗系统带来了挑战。非洲最近的疫情凸显了CHIKV传播的动态性质以及报告不足和诊断不足的问题。在此，我们回顾了文献并分析了公开可得的病例、疫情和基因组数据，以深入了解CHIKV在非洲的流行病学、遗传多样性和传播动态。我们的分析揭示了地理上不同的CHIKV基因型的传播情况，某些地区承受着不成比例的疾病负担。对西非散发病例疫情的系统发育分析表明，该病毒通过动物源性溢出反复出现，这与东非推断的传播动态明显不同，在东非，该病毒常常从亚洲疫情中传入，包括最近印度洋谱系从印度次大陆重新传入东非。此外，这两个地区之间病毒传播的证据有限。了解疫情的历史和传播动态对于有效的公共卫生规划至关重要。尽管在监测和研究方面取得了进展，但诊断和监测挑战依然存在。本综述和二次分析强调了持续监测、研究和合作对于减轻非洲CHIKV负担和改善公共卫生结果的重要性。
