Zeller Herve, Van Bortel Wim, Sudre Bertrand
Emerging and Vector-borne Diseases Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden.
J Infect Dis. 2016 Dec 15;214(suppl 5):S436-S440. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw391.
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes febrile illness with severe arthralgia in humans. There are 3 circulating CHIKV genotypes, Asia, East/Central/South Africa, and West Africa. CHIKV was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and up until the early 2000s, a few outbreaks and sporadic cases of CHIKV were mainly reported in Africa and Asia. However, from 2004 to 2005, a large epidemic spanned from Kenya over to the southwestern Indian Ocean region, India, and Southeast Asia. Identified in 2005, the E1 glycoprotein A226V mutation of the East/Central/South Africa genotype conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito and has been implicated in CHIKV's further spread in the last decade. In 2013, the Asian CHIKV genotype emerged in the Caribbean and quickly took the Americas by storm. This review will discuss the history of CHIKV as well as its expanding geographic distribution.
基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）通过埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊传播，可导致人类出现伴有严重关节痛的发热性疾病。基孔肯雅病毒有3种流行基因型，即亚洲型、东非/中非/南非型和西非型。1953年，基孔肯雅病毒首次在坦桑尼亚被报道，直到21世纪初，非洲和亚洲主要报告了几起基孔肯雅病毒疫情和散发病例。然而，在2004年至2005年期间，一场大规模疫情从肯尼亚蔓延至印度洋西南部地区、印度和东南亚。2005年发现的东非/中非/南非基因型的E1糖蛋白A226V突变增强了白纹伊蚊的传播能力，并与基孔肯雅病毒在过去十年中的进一步传播有关。2013年，亚洲基孔肯雅病毒基因型出现在加勒比地区，并迅速席卷美洲。本综述将讨论基孔肯雅病毒的历史及其不断扩大的地理分布。
