School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Horm Behav. 2024 Aug;164:105607. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2024.105607. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
The last few decades have seen major advances in neurobiology and uncovered novel genetic and cellular substrates involved in the control of physiological set points. In this Review, I discuss the limitations in the definition of homeostatic set points established by Walter B Canon and highlight evidence that two other physiological systems, namely rheostasis and allostasis provide distinct inputs to independently modify set-point levels. Using data collected over the past decade, the hypothalamic and genetic basis of regulated changes in set-point values by rheostatic mechanisms are described. Then, the role of higher-order brain regions, such as hippocampal circuits, for experience-dependent, allostatic induced changes in set-points are outlined. I propose that these systems provide a hierarchical organization of physiological stability that exists to maintain set-point values. The hierarchical organization of physiology has direct implications for basic and medical research, and clinical practice.
过去几十年，神经生物学取得了重大进展，揭示了参与生理设定点控制的新型遗传和细胞基质。在这篇综述中，我讨论了沃尔特·B·坎农（Walter B Canon）确立的稳态设定点定义的局限性，并强调了两个其他生理系统——弛豫和适应，为独立调节设定点水平提供了不同的输入的证据。利用过去十年收集的数据，描述了由弛豫机制调节设定点值变化的下丘脑和遗传基础。然后，概述了大脑更高层次区域（如海马回路）在经验依赖的、适应诱导的设定点变化中的作用。我提出，这些系统为维持设定点值提供了一个生理稳定性的分层组织。生理学的分层组织对基础和医学研究以及临床实践具有直接的意义。
