Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 Sep 15;477:135280. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135280. Epub 2024 Jul 21.
Conventional wastewater treatment methods cannot completely remove the ultraviolet (UV) filters or dissolved organic matter. The transformation characteristics of these substances during chlorination disinfection and the varying species-specific toxicities of their combinations remain unclear. Here, Daphnia magna and zebrafish were exposed to benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and humic acid (HA) before and after chlorination disinfection. The results from chemical indicators showed that chlorination treatment decreased UV254 values and changed the intensity of parallel factors in three-dimensional fluorescence. Based on chemical analysis, the chlorine concentration and chlorination time for the toxicity experiments were set at 5 mg/L and 6 h, respectively. Exposure to HA and BP-3 before and after chlorination decreased the heart rate (by 1.37-28.12 %) in both species. However, species-specific responses, including survival rate, swimming distance, and expression of genes related to neurodevelopment, growth, and oxidative stress, were induced by chlorination. Chlorination reduced the impact of HA exposure but worsened the effects of HA and BP-3 co-exposure on D. magna. However, in zebrafish, the toxic effects intensified in most of the exposure groups after chlorination. Correlation analysis showed that the parallel factors of three-dimensional fluorescence were correlated with toxic effects on zebrafish, whereas UV254 was more significantly correlated with toxic effects on D. magna. This study provides insights into the combined toxicity of UV filters and dissolved organic matter in different aquatic organisms during chlorination, which is useful for risk control and optimization of the chlorination process.
传统的废水处理方法无法完全去除紫外线 (UV) 过滤器或溶解的有机物。这些物质在氯化消毒过程中的转化特征以及它们组合的特定物种毒性的变化尚不清楚。在这里，大型溞和斑马鱼在氯化消毒前后暴露于二苯甲酮-3 (BP-3) 和腐殖酸 (HA) 中。化学指标的结果表明，氯化处理降低了 UV254 值并改变了三维荧光中平行因子的强度。基于化学分析，毒性实验的氯浓度和氯化时间分别设定为 5 mg/L 和 6 h。HA 和 BP-3 在氯化前后的暴露均降低了两种物种的心率（分别降低了 1.37-28.12%）。然而，氯化引起了物种特异性反应，包括存活率、游泳距离以及与神经发育、生长和氧化应激相关的基因的表达。氯化降低了 HA 暴露的影响，但加剧了 HA 和 BP-3 共暴露对大型溞的影响。然而，在斑马鱼中，氯化后大多数暴露组的毒性作用加剧。相关分析表明，三维荧光的平行因子与斑马鱼的毒性效应相关，而 UV254 与大型溞的毒性效应更显著相关。这项研究提供了对不同水生生物中 UV 过滤器和溶解有机物在氯化过程中联合毒性的深入了解，这对于风险控制和氯化工艺的优化是有用的。
