Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, PR China.
Hangzhou South Drainage Engineering Construction Management Service Center, Hangzhou 310000, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 15;951:175847. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175847. Epub 2024 Aug 27.
The coexistence of emerging pollutants and dissolved organic matter in wastewater complicates the transformation and generation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during chlorination treatment, which is essential for effective water quality evaluation and chlorination optimization. This study used fluoxetine (FLX) and humic acid (HA) as representative substances to analyze changes in their chemical characteristics and zebrafish embryonic developmental toxicity under different chlorination conditions. The analysis of the fluorescence characteristics and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry indicated that chlorination treatment increased the aromatic compound content of the HA solution. FLX addition further increased the presence of aromatic ring structures and oxidized molecules, resulting in the formation of numerous Cl-DBPs with highly unsaturated and phenolic structures. Moreover, different responses in zebrafish embryo development and behavior were found with FLX, HA, and FLX + HA exposures. Cardiotoxicity was linked to changes in the concentration of cTn-I protein and expression of various genes. Prolonged chlorination conditions showed higher toxicities. Correlation analysis found a weak relation between chemical indicators and toxicity data, indicating that both analysis methods need to be considered when analyzing the impact of the chlorination. Further, a combination of chemical analyses and toxicity tests revealed that the FLX + HA solution with chlorination conditions of 3 mg/L for 30 min had lower chemical and toxic effects in this experiment. This study provides valuable scientific insights for the safe discharge of chlorinated water containing FLX and dissolved organic matter, as well as guidance for optimizing chlorination parameters in wastewater treatment.
废水中新兴污染物和溶解有机物的共存使得氯化处理过程中消毒副产物（DBPs）的转化和生成变得复杂，这对于有效进行水质评估和氯化优化至关重要。本研究以氟西汀（FLX）和腐殖酸（HA）为代表物质，分析了不同氯化条件下它们的化学特性变化和斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性。荧光特性分析和傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析表明，氯化处理增加了 HA 溶液中芳香族化合物的含量。FLX 的添加进一步增加了芳香环结构和氧化分子的存在，导致形成了许多具有高度不饱和和酚类结构的 Cl-DBPs。此外，FLX、HA 和 FLX+HA 暴露在斑马鱼胚胎发育和行为上表现出不同的反应。心脏毒性与 cTn-I 蛋白浓度变化和各种基因的表达有关。延长氯化条件显示出更高的毒性。相关性分析发现化学指标与毒性数据之间存在弱相关性，表明在分析氯化影响时需要同时考虑这两种分析方法。此外，化学分析和毒性测试的结合表明，在本实验中，FLX+HA 溶液在 3 mg/L 氯化 30 分钟的条件下具有较低的化学和毒性效应。本研究为含有 FLX 和溶解有机物的氯化水的安全排放提供了有价值的科学见解，并为优化废水处理中的氯化参数提供了指导。
