Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Sep;178:117181. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117181. Epub 2024 Jul 25.
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign tumor in infants and usually resolves on its own. However, a small portion of IH cases are accompanied by serious complications and other problems, impacting the physical and psychological health of the children affected. The pathogenesis of IH is highly controversial. Studies have shown that abnormal blood vessel formation is an important pathological basis for the development of IH. Compared with that in normal tissues, the equilibrium of blood vessel growth at the tumor site is disrupted, and interactions among other types of cells, such as immune cells, promote the rapid proliferation and migration of vascular tissue cells and the construction of vascular networks. Currently, propranolol is the most common systemic drug used to inhibit the growth of IHs and accelerate their regression. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest research on the mechanisms of angiogenesis in IH. We discuss the possible roles of three major factors, namely, estrogen, hypoxia, and inflammation, in the development of IH. Additionally, we summarize the key roles of tumor cell subpopulations, such as pericytes, in the proliferation and regression of IH considering evidence from the past few years, with an emphasis on the possible mechanisms of propranolol in the treatment of IH. Angiogenesis is an important event during the development of IH, and an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis will provide new insights into the biology and clinical treatment of IH.
婴儿血管瘤（IH）是婴儿中最常见的良性肿瘤，通常会自行消退。然而，一小部分 IH 病例伴有严重的并发症和其他问题，影响受影响儿童的身心健康。IH 的发病机制存在很大争议。研究表明，血管形成异常是 IH 发展的重要病理基础。与正常组织相比，肿瘤部位的血管生长平衡被打破，其他类型的细胞（如免疫细胞）之间的相互作用促进了血管组织细胞的快速增殖和迁移以及血管网络的构建。目前，普萘洛尔是最常用于抑制 IH 生长并加速其消退的系统药物。本综述的目的是提供 IH 中血管生成机制的最新研究。我们讨论了三个主要因素，即雌激素、缺氧和炎症，在 IH 发展中的可能作用。此外，我们根据过去几年的证据，总结了肿瘤细胞亚群（如周细胞）在 IH 增殖和消退中的关键作用，重点介绍了普萘洛尔治疗 IH 的可能机制。血管生成是 IH 发展过程中的一个重要事件，深入了解血管生成的分子机制将为 IH 的生物学和临床治疗提供新的见解。
