Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 20;948:175018. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175018. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
The widespread occurrence and accumulation of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its quinone metabolite, 6PPD quinone (6PPD-Q), have been globally recognized as a critical environmental issue. However, knowledge on the adverse effects of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q on freshwater invertebrates is limited. This study investigated the effects of 6PPD and its oxidative byproduct, 6PPD-Q, on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia pulex. Through 21-day exposure experiments, we measured the uptake of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L 6PPD and 6PPD-Q by D. pulex and assessed the effects on growth and fecundity of D. pulex. While 6PPD and 6PPD-Q did not affect the mortality rate of D. pulex, 6PPD-Q exposure inhibited the growth of D. pulex, indicating potential ecological risks. In particular, the reproductive capacity of D. pulex remained unaffected across the tested concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q, suggesting specific toxicological pathways that warrant further investigation. This study underscored the importance of evaluating the sublethal effects of emerging contaminants such as 6PPD and 6PPD-Q on aquatic invertebrates, and highlighted the need for comprehensive risk assessments to better understand their environmental impacts.
N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N'-苯基-对苯二胺（6PPD）及其醌代谢物 6PPD 醌（6PPD-Q）的广泛存在和积累已被全球公认为一个重大的环境问题。然而，关于 6PPD 和 6PPD-Q 对淡水无脊椎动物的不良影响的知识有限。本研究调查了 6PPD 及其氧化副产物 6PPD-Q 对大型溞（Daphnia pulex）生长和繁殖的影响。通过 21 天的暴露实验，我们测量了 0.1、1 和 10μg/L 的 6PPD 和 6PPD-Q 被大型溞摄取的情况，并评估了其对大型溞生长和繁殖的影响。虽然 6PPD 和 6PPD-Q 对大型溞的死亡率没有影响，但 6PPD-Q 的暴露抑制了大型溞的生长，表明存在潜在的生态风险。特别是，6PPD 和 6PPD-Q 的测试浓度范围内，大型溞的繁殖能力没有受到影响，这表明存在特定的毒理学途径，需要进一步研究。本研究强调了评估新兴污染物如 6PPD 和 6PPD-Q 对水生无脊椎动物的亚致死效应的重要性，并强调需要进行全面的风险评估，以更好地了解它们对环境的影响。
