Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Sep;120(3):593-601. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.020. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
Lactation has been widely associated with optimal neurocognitive development, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex sugars that support brain development, but previous studies examining their associations with cognition have yielded inconsistent findings.
This study aimed to provide a broader understanding of how HMOs jointly influence cognition.
We used data from an ongoing longitudinal cohort of Latino mother-infant dyads. Human milk samples from 1 mo (n = 157) and 6 mo (n = 107) postpartum were assessed for the 19 most abundant HMOs. Cognitive performance was assessed at 2 y using the Bayley Scale of Infant and Toddler Development. A partial least squares model identified HMO combinations predictive of cognitive scores.
At 1 mo, the combination of higher concentrations of lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), lacto-N-fucopentaose (LNFP)-III, 6'-sialyllactose, and 2'-fucosyllactose (FL) with lower concentrations of sialyllacto-N-tetraose (LST) b, LNFP-II, fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose, and 3-FL significantly predicted higher cognitive scores (β: 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30, 0.92), explaining an additional 8% of the variance over a model with only nuisance covariates (11%). Additional analyses revealed that the combination of higher LNFP-III and lower LSTb alone explained 5% more of the variation in cognitive scores (β: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.24, 1.09). At 6 mo (n = 107), higher LNnT, LNT, and LNFP-III and lower 3FL and LSTb concentrations explained an extra 6% of the variance in cognitive scores (β: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.75).
This study highlights specific HMO combinations in early life influencing cognitive performance at 2 y.
哺乳与最佳神经认知发育广泛相关，但潜在机制仍不清楚。人乳寡糖（HMOs）是支持大脑发育的复杂糖，但先前研究检查其与认知的关联得到了不一致的结果。
本研究旨在更全面地了解 HMO 如何共同影响认知。
我们使用拉丁裔母婴纵向队列的正在进行的数据。在产后 1 个月（n = 157）和 6 个月（n = 107）时评估母乳样本中 19 种最丰富的 HMO。使用贝利婴幼儿发展量表在 2 岁时评估认知表现。偏最小二乘模型确定了预测认知评分的 HMO 组合。
在 1 个月时，较高浓度的乳糖-N-新四糖（LNnT）、乳糖-N-四糖（LNT）、乳糖-N-岩藻五糖（LNFP）-III、6'-唾液酸乳糖和 2'-岩藻糖乳糖（FL）与较低浓度的唾液酸乳糖-N-四糖（LST）b、LNFP-II、岩藻糖唾液酸乳糖-N-六糖和 3-FL 联合显著预测较高的认知评分（β：0.61；95%置信区间[CI]：0.30，0.92），在仅包含混杂协变量的模型（11%）基础上额外解释了 8%的变异。进一步分析显示，LNFP-III 较高和 LSTb 较低的组合单独解释了认知评分变异的 5%以上（β：0.66；95%CI：0.24，1.09）。在 6 个月时（n = 107），较高的 LNnT、LNT 和 LNFP-III 以及较低的 3FL 和 LSTb 浓度解释了认知评分额外的 6%的变异（β：0.43；95%CI：0.12，0.75）。
本研究强调了生命早期特定的 HMO 组合对 2 岁时的认知表现有影响。
