探索中国麻醉护士的出勤主义：横断面研究。
Exploring anesthesiology nurse' presenteeism in China: cross-sectional study.
机构信息
Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jul 26;24(1):2008. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19476-9.
BACKGROUND
The department of anesthesiology is the main battlefield for the treatment of acute and critical patients, with high work risk and high work pressure. Due to the particularity of the working environment and nature of work, medical staff have become a group with a high incidence of occupational exhaustion and presenteeism.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the current status of presenteeism among anesthesiology nurses in China and to analyze the related influencing factors.
METHODS
Three hundred twelve anesthesiology nurses in Sichuan Province were surveyed by means of general data questionnaire, presenteeism scale, work-family conflict scale, perceived social support scale, occupational commitment scale and stress resistance scale from September to November 2023 by convenience sampling method.
RESULTS
The total score of presenteeism was (14.67 ± 3.92), the score of work-family conflict was (45.44 ± 15.90), the score of professional commitment was (87.28 ± 14.30), and the score of perceived social support was (66.04 ± 12.78). The evaluation score of stress resistance was (73.35 ± 11.54). The results of multivariate analysis showed that age, education, mode of employment, position, overtime hours per week, work-family conflict, perceived social support and stress resistance were the factors that affected the presenteeism of anesthesiology nurses, which could explain 44.1% of the total variation. The position ( β = 0.296, P < 0.001), overtime hours per week (h) ( β = 0.271, P < 0.001), perceived social support ( β = -0.279, P < 0.001) turned out as the stronger predictors of presenteeism.
CONCLUSION
The presenteeism of anesthesiology nurses is at a high level and needs to be further improved. Clinical nursing managers should pay attention to the physical and mental health and special needs of anesthesiology nurses. Interventions are made according to the main influencing factors, so as to reduce the incidence of presenteeism and improve the quality and safety of surgery.
背景
麻醉科是救治急危重症患者的主要战场，工作风险高、工作压力大。由于工作环境和性质的特殊性，医护人员成为职业耗竭和出勤主义发生率较高的群体。
目的
调查我国麻醉科护士出勤主义现状，并分析其相关影响因素。
方法
采用便利抽样法，于 2023 年 9 月至 11 月，选取四川省 312 名麻醉科护士进行一般资料问卷、出勤主义量表、工作家庭冲突量表、领悟社会支持量表、职业承诺量表和应激抵抗量表调查。
结果
麻醉科护士出勤主义总分为（14.67±3.92）分，工作家庭冲突得分为（45.44±15.90）分，职业承诺得分为（87.28±14.30）分，领悟社会支持得分为（66.04±12.78）分，应激抵抗得分为（73.35±11.54）分。多因素分析结果显示，年龄、文化程度、聘用方式、岗位、每周加班时长、工作家庭冲突、领悟社会支持和应激抵抗是影响麻醉科护士出勤主义的因素，共可以解释总变异的 44.1%。岗位（β=0.296，P<0.001）、每周加班时长（h）（β=0.271，P<0.001）、领悟社会支持（β=-0.279，P<0.001）是出勤主义的较强预测因素。
结论
麻醉科护士出勤主义处于较高水平，有待进一步改善。临床护理管理者应关注麻醉科护士的身心健康和特殊需求，针对主要影响因素进行干预，以降低出勤主义发生率，提高手术质量和安全。
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