Maksim Rafał, Buczyńska Angelika, Sidorkiewicz Iwona, Krętowski Adam Jacek, Sierko Ewa
Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Białystok Oncology Center, 15-027 Bialystok, Poland.
Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Jul 16;16(14):2553. doi: 10.3390/cancers16142553.
Rectal cancer (RC) is a prevalent malignancy with significant morbidity and mortality rates. The accurate staging of RC is crucial for optimal treatment planning and patient outcomes. This review aims to summarize the current literature on imaging and metabolic diagnostic methods used in the stage assessment of RC. Various imaging modalities play a pivotal role in the initial evaluation and staging of RC. These include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and endorectal ultrasound (ERUS). MRI has emerged as the gold standard for local staging due to its superior soft tissue resolution and ability to assess tumor invasion depth, lymph node involvement, and the presence of extramural vascular invasion. CT imaging provides valuable information about distant metastases and helps determine the feasibility of surgical resection. ERUS aids in assessing tumor depth, perirectal lymph nodes, and sphincter involvement. Understanding the strengths and limitations of each diagnostic modality is essential for accurate staging and treatment decisions in RC. Furthermore, the integration of multiple imaging and metabolic methods, such as PET/CT or PET/MRI, can enhance diagnostic accuracy and provide valuable prognostic information. Thus, a literature review was conducted to investigate and assess the effectiveness and accuracy of diagnostic methods, both imaging and metabolic, in the stage assessment of RC.
直肠癌（RC）是一种常见的恶性肿瘤，发病率和死亡率都很高。准确的直肠癌分期对于优化治疗方案和患者预后至关重要。本综述旨在总结目前关于直肠癌分期评估中使用的影像学和代谢诊断方法的文献。各种影像学检查在直肠癌的初始评估和分期中起着关键作用。这些检查包括磁共振成像（MRI）、计算机断层扫描（CT）和直肠内超声（ERUS）。由于MRI具有卓越的软组织分辨率以及评估肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结受累情况和壁外血管侵犯的能力，它已成为局部分期的金标准。CT成像提供了有关远处转移的有价值信息，并有助于确定手术切除的可行性。ERUS有助于评估肿瘤深度、直肠周围淋巴结和括约肌受累情况。了解每种诊断方法的优缺点对于直肠癌的准确分期和治疗决策至关重要。此外，整合多种影像学和代谢方法，如PET/CT或PET/MRI，可以提高诊断准确性并提供有价值的预后信息。因此，我们进行了一项文献综述，以研究和评估影像学和代谢诊断方法在直肠癌分期评估中的有效性和准确性。
