Benarrós Marina Sette Camara, Salvarani Felipe Masiero
Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal 68740-970, PA, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jul 17;14(14):2092. doi: 10.3390/ani14142092.
Candidiasis is a significant fungal infection caused by various species of the genus , posing health challenges to a wide range of animals, including species (two-toed sloths). This review article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of candidiasis in sp., highlighting the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies. This article begins by examining the causative agents, primarily focusing on , which is the most commonly implicated species in candidiasis. The epidemiological aspects are discussed, emphasizing the prevalence of candidiasis in wild and captive populations and identifying predisposing factors, such as immunosuppression, stress, poor nutrition, and environmental conditions. Pathogenesis is explored, detailing the mechanisms through which species invade host tissues and evade immune responses. Clinical manifestations in sp. are described, including oral thrush, cutaneous lesions, and gastrointestinal infections, and their impact on the health and behavior of affected individuals. Diagnostic methods, including culture techniques, histopathology, and molecular assays, are reviewed to highlight their roles in accurately identifying infections. This article also covers treatment options, focusing on antifungal therapies and supportive care tailored to the unique physiology of sp. Finally, prevention and management strategies are discussed, emphasizing the importance of maintaining optimal husbandry practices, regular health monitoring, and early intervention to reduce the incidence and impact of candidiasis in populations. This review underscores the need for further research to enhance our understanding of candidiasis and improve health outcomes for these unique and vulnerable animals.
念珠菌病是由念珠菌属的多种菌种引起的一种严重真菌感染，对包括二趾树懒等多种动物构成健康挑战。这篇综述文章旨在全面介绍二趾树懒念珠菌病，重点阐述其病因、流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、诊断、治疗及预防策略。本文首先研究致病因子，主要聚焦于白色念珠菌，它是念珠菌病中最常涉及的菌种。文中讨论了流行病学方面，强调念珠菌病在野生和圈养二趾树懒种群中的患病率，并确定易感因素，如免疫抑制、应激、营养不良和环境条件。探讨了发病机制，详细说明了白色念珠菌菌种侵入宿主组织并逃避免疫反应的机制。描述了二趾树懒的临床表现，包括鹅口疮、皮肤病变和胃肠道感染，以及它们对受影响个体健康和行为的影响。回顾了诊断方法，包括培养技术、组织病理学和分子检测，以突出它们在准确识别白色念珠菌感染中的作用。本文还涵盖了治疗选择，重点是针对二趾树懒独特生理特征的抗真菌疗法和支持性护理。最后讨论了预防和管理策略，强调维持最佳饲养管理措施、定期健康监测和早期干预以降低念珠菌病在二趾树懒种群中的发病率和影响的重要性。这篇综述强调了进一步研究的必要性，以增进我们对念珠菌病的理解，并改善这些独特且易受伤害动物的健康状况。
