Liang Hualiang, Ren Mingchun, Zhang Lu, Mi Haifeng, Yu Heng, Huang Dongyu, Gu Jiaze, Teng Tao
Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2024 Jul 4;13(7):809. doi: 10.3390/antiox13070809.
This study investigated the effects of replacing 0% (SPC0), 25% (SPC25), 50% (SPC50), 75% (SPC75), and 100% (SPC100) of fish meal (FM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the growth, nutritional metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory factors in juvenile largemouth bass () (17.03 ± 0.01 g). After 56 days of culturing, various growth parameters including FW, WGR, and SGR were not significantly different among SPC0, SPC25, and SPC50 groups; however, they were significantly higher than those in SPC75 and SPC100 groups. Conversely, significantly lower FCR were determined for the SPC0, SPC25, and SPC50 groups compared with that for the SPC100 group; specifically, no significant difference among SPC0, SPC25, and SPC50 groups was found. Moreover, compared with SPC75 and SPC100 groups, a significantly higher FI was observed in the SPC0 group, whereas a significantly lower SR was observed in SPC100 compared with that in SPC0 and SPC25 groups. Compared with the SPC0 group, significantly lower mRNA levels of , , , , and were found in SPC75 and SPC100. Additionally, the mRNA levels of were significantly higher in SPC0, SPC25, and SPC50 groups than in SPC75 and SPC100 groups. Moreover, the mRNA levels of and remained unchanged for all the groups. Replacement of FM with SPC did not significantly affect the mRNA levels of , , and . Compared with the SPC0 group, significantly decreased activities of CAT were observed in the SPC50, SPC75, and SPC100 groups, and significantly decreased activities of GSH-Px were observed in the SPC75 and SPC100 groups. In addition, significantly lower activity of SOD was observed in SPC100 compared with the other groups. Moreover, compared with the other groups, the SPC75 and SPC100 groups had significantly decreased and increased contents of GSH and MDA, respectively, while significantly lower mRNA levels of , , , and were found in SPC50, SPC75, and SPC100; however, significantly higher mRNA levels of were observed in SPC75 and SPC100 groups. Additionally, significantly higher mRNA levels of and were found in the SPC50, SPC75, and SPC100 groups compared with the SPC0 group. Conversely, significantly lower mRNA levels of and significantly higher mRNA levels of were found in the SPC75 and SPC100 groups compared with the other groups. Compared with the SPC0 group, mucosal thickness and villus height were significantly decreased in the SPC75 and SPC100 groups. Collectively, SPC replacing 50% FM did not affect its growth of juvenile largemouth bass. However, SPC replacing 50% or more FM might inhibit antioxidant capacity and immune capacity to even threaten the SR, resulting in impaired intestinal development in replacing FM level of 75% or more.
本研究调查了用大豆浓缩蛋白（SPC）分别替代0%（SPC0）、25%（SPC25）、50%（SPC50）、75%（SPC75）和100%（SPC100）的鱼粉（FM）对大口黑鲈幼鱼（17.03±0.01克）生长、营养代谢、抗氧化能力和炎症因子的影响。养殖56天后，SPC0、SPC25和SPC50组的各种生长参数，包括终末体重（FW）、增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR），差异不显著；然而，它们显著高于SPC75和SPC100组。相反，SPC0、SPC25和SPC50组的饲料系数（FCR）显著低于SPC100组；具体而言，SPC0、SPC25和SPC50组之间没有显著差异。此外，与SPC75和SPC100组相比，SPC0组的摄食量（FI）显著更高，而SPC100组的存活率（SR）显著低于SPC0和SPC25组。与SPC0组相比，SPC75和SPC100组中atp6v1a、atp6v1b1、ca2+-atpase、nka-α1和nka-β1的mRNA水平显著降低。此外，SPC0、SPC25和SPC50组中nka-α3的mRNA水平显著高于SPC75和SPC100组。而且，所有组中nkcc1和nkcc2的mRNA水平保持不变。用SPC替代FM对nfκb、tnf-α和il-1β的mRNA水平没有显著影响。与SPC0组相比，SPC50、SPC75和SPC100组中过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性显著降低，SPC75和SPC100组中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）的活性显著降低。此外，SPC100组中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性显著低于其他组。而且，与其他组相比，SPC75和SPC100组中谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著降低，丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加，而SPC50、SPC75和SPC100组中il-1β、tnf-α、nfκb和il-8的mRNA水平显著降低；然而，SPC75和SPC100组中il-6的mRNA水平显著升高。此外，与SPC0组相比，SPC50、SPC75和SPC100组中toll样受体2（tlr2）和toll样受体4（tlr4）的mRNA水平显著升高。相反，与其他组相比，SPC75和SPC100组中紧密连接蛋白1（zo-1）的mRNA水平显著降低，occludin的mRNA水平显著升高。与SPC0组相比，SPC75和SPC100组的黏膜厚度和绒毛高度显著降低。总体而言，SPC替代50%的FM不影响大口黑鲈幼鱼的生长。然而，SPC替代50%或更多的FM可能会抑制抗氧化能力和免疫能力，甚至威胁到存活率，导致在替代75%或更多FM水平时肠道发育受损。
