Duss Isabelle, Ruedisueli Cornelia, Wustmann Seiler Corina, Lannen Patricia
Marie Meierhofer Children's Institute (MMI), Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, 8005 Zurich, Switzerland.
Department of Pre-Primary and Lower Primary Level and Department of Research & Development, Zurich University of Teacher Education (PH Zurich), 8090 Zurich, Switzerland.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2024 Jun 27;14(7):542. doi: 10.3390/bs14070542.
Children with low executive functions (EFs) are described as having lower levels of playfulness, the quality of children's play, compared to children with EFs within the normal range. However, how playfulness in children with low EFs develops over time remains unclear. Additionally, little is known about how parental playfulness and parental playtime with their child affect these developmental trajectories in children with low EFs. To address these research gaps, we measured playfulness in 62 children with low EFs and 62 children with EFs within the normal range aged 3 to 6 years at three time points over 2 years. We used the Children's Playfulness Scale, which captures multi-informant perspectives from parents and teachers. Moreover, the parents of children with low EFs reported their own playfulness and their playtime with their children at T1. Repeated-measures hierarchical linear models indicated significantly lower levels of playfulness in the children with low EFs than in the controls, with no significant changes observed over 2 years in either group. In the children with low EFs, we found a significant positive relationship between parental playfulness at T1 and children's playfulness 2 years later but a significant negative relationship between parental playtime at T1 and children's playfulness 2 years later. These results prompt a broad discussion on potential implications for the enhancement of playfulness in children with low EFs within the family environment.
与执行功能（EFs）处于正常范围的儿童相比，执行功能较低的儿童被描述为嬉戏性水平较低，即儿童玩耍的质量较低。然而，执行功能较低的儿童的嬉戏性如何随时间发展仍不清楚。此外，关于父母的嬉戏性以及父母与孩子的玩耍时间如何影响执行功能较低的儿童的这些发展轨迹，人们知之甚少。为了填补这些研究空白，我们在两年内的三个时间点对62名执行功能较低的儿童和62名3至6岁执行功能处于正常范围的儿童的嬉戏性进行了测量。我们使用了儿童嬉戏性量表，该量表从父母和教师那里获取多方面的观点。此外，执行功能较低的儿童的父母在T1时报告了他们自己的嬉戏性以及他们与孩子的玩耍时间。重复测量分层线性模型表明，执行功能较低的儿童的嬉戏性水平显著低于对照组，两组在两年内均未观察到显著变化。在执行功能较低的儿童中，我们发现T1时父母的嬉戏性与两年后孩子的嬉戏性之间存在显著的正相关，但T1时父母的玩耍时间与两年后孩子的嬉戏性之间存在显著的负相关。这些结果引发了关于在家庭环境中提高执行功能较低的儿童的嬉戏性的潜在影响的广泛讨论。
