Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University (HMU), 71410 Heraklion, Greece.
Hellenic Agricultural Organization (ELGO-DIMITRA), Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, 73134 Chania, Greece.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Jul 1;15(7):860. doi: 10.3390/genes15070860.
In this research, qualitative characteristics were studied under different post-harvest treatments in Hass and Fuerte cultivars of avocado () fruits. The post-harvest treatments performed in fruits of these cultivars comprised Ethrel application and plastic film (membrane) covering. The measurements of qualitative characteristics were related to color; flesh consistency; measurements of titratable acidity, total soluble solids, percentage of total phenolic contents, and ascorbic peroxidase activity; and the real-time (quantitative) polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of gene expression and enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and beta-galactosidase (β-gal). The experiments found that the application of plastic film has excellent results in retaining qualitative characteristics and enzyme activities via maintaining firmness in higher levels. The plastic film covering appeared to delay ripening without the use of chemicals and, therefore, it has the potential to extend the duration of the post-harvest life of the avocado fruit. Variations between the two cultivars were found in the measurements of total soluble solids (Fuerte cultivar showed an increase of 22%, whereas Hass cultivar showed an increase of 120% in Brix values) and total phenolic contents (Fuerte cultivar showed a decrease of 16% and Hass cultivar showed an increase of 29%). It is worth noting that PAL's activity increased significantly (over 44%), as compared to other treatments, and β-galactosidase's activity decreased, as compared to other treatments. In conclusion, plastic film covering results in a decrease in the activity of β-galactosidase, as shown by the reaction of hydrolysis (enzyme activity) but also from the expression of the related genes.
在这项研究中，研究了鳄梨（）果实不同采后处理下的定性特征。对这些品种果实进行的采后处理包括施用乙烯利和覆盖塑料薄膜（膜）。定性特征的测量与颜色、果肉一致性、可滴定酸度、总可溶性固体、总酚含量百分比和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性有关；以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）和β-半乳糖苷酶（β-gal）基因表达和酶活性的实时（定量）聚合酶链反应（qPCR）。实验发现，通过保持较高水平的硬度，塑料薄膜的应用在保持定性特征和酶活性方面具有优异的效果。覆盖塑料薄膜似乎可以在不使用化学物质的情况下延迟成熟，因此有可能延长鳄梨果实的采后寿命。在总可溶性固体（Fuerte 品种的 Brix 值增加了 22%，而 Hass 品种增加了 120%）和总酚含量（Fuerte 品种减少了 16%，Hass 品种增加了 29%）的测量方面，两个品种之间存在差异。值得注意的是，与其他处理相比，PAL 的活性显著增加（超过 44%），而β-半乳糖苷酶的活性降低。总之，塑料薄膜覆盖导致β-半乳糖苷酶的活性降低，这不仅反映在水解反应（酶活性）中，也反映在相关基因的表达上。
