Effect of Phycobiliproteins, Rosiglitazone, and 17β-Estradiol on Lipogenic and Inflammatory Gene Expression during 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cell Differentiation.

The study evaluated the effects of phycobiliproteins (PBPs), rosiglitazone (RSG), and 17β-estradiol (E) on the differentiation process of 3T3-L1 cells and on their regulation of lipogenic and inflammatory gene expression at different stages of the process. The results showed that phycobiliproteins promoted cell proliferation after 24 h of treatment. Furthermore, for all three treatments, the regulation of the highest number of markers occurred on days 6 and 12 of differentiation, regardless of when the treatment was applied. Phycobiliproteins reduced lipid droplet accumulation on days 3, 6, 10, and 13 of the adipogenic process, while rosiglitazone showed no differences compared to the control. On day 6, both phycobiliproteins and rosiglitazone positively regulated mRNA. Meanwhile, all three treatments negatively regulated and . Phycobiliproteins and estradiol also negatively regulated and mRNAs. Rosiglitazone and estradiol, on the other hand, negatively regulated and mRNAs. By day 12, phycobiliproteins and rosiglitazone upregulated mRNA and negatively regulated and . Additionally, phycobiliproteins and estradiol positively regulated and negatively regulated , , , and . Rosiglitazone and estradiol upregulate and mRNAs. The regulation exerted by phycobiliproteins on the mRNA expression of the studied markers was dependent on the phase of cell differentiation. The results of this study highlight that phycobiliproteins have an anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the expression of adipogenic, lipogenic, and inflammatory genes in 3T3-L1 cells at different stages of the differentiation process.