Thach B T
Med Clin North Am. 1985 Nov;69(6):1289-315. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30988-9.
Episodic apnea leading to asphyxia is a relatively common disorder of young children. Important apnea syndromes include apnea of prematurity, "narrow upper airway syndrome," congenital hypoventilation syndrome, breath-holding spells, and "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome. More recently described syndromes include apnea associated with feedings, regurgitation or gastroesophageal reflux, and apnea initiated by epileptic seizures. Apnea occurring during wakefulness is common and may be related to that occurring during sleep. Knowledge of the clinical features and pathophysiology of these various kinds of apnea is important in their management.
导致窒息的发作性呼吸暂停是幼儿相对常见的一种病症。重要的呼吸暂停综合征包括早产儿呼吸暂停、“上气道狭窄综合征”、先天性通气不足综合征、屏气发作以及“近猝死”婴儿猝死综合征。最近描述的综合征包括与喂养、反流或胃食管反流相关的呼吸暂停，以及由癫痫发作引发的呼吸暂停。清醒时发生的呼吸暂停很常见，且可能与睡眠时发生的呼吸暂停有关。了解这些各种呼吸暂停的临床特征和病理生理学对于其治疗很重要。
