Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Department of Cognitive Science, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 18;25(14):7885. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147885.
The production of nanoparticles has recently surged due to their varied applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, textile, and electronic sectors. However, this rapid increase in nanoparticle manufacturing has raised concerns about environmental pollution, particularly its potential adverse effects on human health. Among the various concerns, inhalation exposure to nanoparticles poses significant risks, especially affecting the respiratory system. Airway epithelial cells play a crucial role as the primary defense against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens. Studies have shown that nanoparticles can disrupt the airway epithelial barrier, triggering inflammatory responses, generating reactive oxygen species, and compromising cell viability. However, our understanding of how different types of nanoparticles specifically impact the airway epithelial barrier remains limited. Both in vitro cell culture and in vivo murine models are commonly utilized to investigate nanoparticle-induced cellular responses and barrier dysfunction. This review discusses the methodologies frequently employed to assess nanoparticle toxicity and barrier disruption. Furthermore, we analyze and compare the distinct effects of various nanoparticle types on the airway epithelial barrier. By elucidating the diverse responses elicited by different nanoparticles, we aim to provide insights that can guide future research endeavors in assessing and mitigating the potential risks associated with nanoparticle exposure.
由于纳米粒子在生物医学、制药、纺织和电子等领域的广泛应用，其生产最近迅速增加。然而，纳米粒子制造的快速增长引起了人们对环境污染的关注，特别是其对人类健康的潜在不利影响。在各种关注中，吸入纳米粒子暴露会带来重大风险，特别是会影响呼吸系统。气道上皮细胞作为抵御吸入的颗粒物和病原体的主要防线起着至关重要的作用。研究表明，纳米粒子可以破坏气道上皮屏障，引发炎症反应，产生活性氧物种，并损害细胞活力。然而，我们对不同类型的纳米粒子如何具体影响气道上皮屏障的理解仍然有限。体外细胞培养和体内小鼠模型通常用于研究纳米粒子诱导的细胞反应和屏障功能障碍。这篇综述讨论了评估纳米粒子毒性和屏障破坏的常用方法。此外，我们分析和比较了不同类型的纳米粒子对气道上皮屏障的不同影响。通过阐明不同纳米粒子引起的不同反应，我们旨在为评估和减轻与纳米粒子暴露相关的潜在风险提供指导，为未来的研究工作提供参考。
