Fleckenstein A
Med Res Rev. 1985 Oct-Dec;5(4):395-425. doi: 10.1002/med.2610050402.
Calcium antagonism is an unifying concept that offers a common denominator for a multitude of beneficial effects in cardiovascular therapy such as: direct reduction of myocardial energy expenditure and oxygen demand, improvement of myocardial oxygen supply resulting from spasmolytic and vasodilator effects on coronary trunk arteries (including collaterals and anastomoses), lowering of systemic arteriolar resistance (antihypertensive action), indirect diminition of cardiac oxygen requirement due to a fall in afterload, cardioprotection by prevention of excessive myocardial Ca uptake, damping effects on ectopic cardiac automaticity and on reentry pathways (not discussed in the present paper), and possibly anticalcinotic protection of the arterial walls at an advanced age or in cases of premature arterial senescence due to diabetes, hypertension, or nicotine intoxication.
钙拮抗作用是一个统一的概念，它为心血管治疗中的多种有益作用提供了一个共同的要素，例如：直接降低心肌能量消耗和氧需求；通过对冠状动脉主干（包括侧支和吻合支）的解痉和血管舒张作用改善心肌氧供应；降低全身小动脉阻力（抗高血压作用）；由于后负荷降低间接减少心脏氧需求；通过防止心肌钙过度摄取实现心脏保护；对异位心脏自律性和折返途径的抑制作用（本文未讨论）；以及在老年或因糖尿病、高血压或尼古丁中毒导致动脉过早衰老的情况下，可能对动脉壁具有抗钙化保护作用。
