Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 22;25(14):7992. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147992.
Depression continues to be a significant and growing public health concern. In clinical practice, it involves a clinical diagnosis. There is currently no defined or agreed upon biomarker/s for depression that can be readily tested. A biomarker is defined as a biological indicator of normal physiological processes, pathogenic processes, or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention that can be objectively measured and evaluated. Thus, as there is no such marker for depression, there is no objective measure of depression in clinical practice. The discovery of such a biomarker/s would greatly assist clinical practice and potentially lead to an earlier diagnosis of depression and therefore treatment. A biomarker for depression may also assist in determining response to medication. This is of particular importance as not all patients prescribed with medication will respond, which is referred to as medication resistance. The advent of pharmacogenomics in recent years holds promise to target treatment in depression, particularly in cases of medication resistance. The role of pharmacogenomics in routine depression management within clinical practice remains to be fully established. Equally so, the use of pharmaceutical grade nutrients known as nutraceuticals in the treatment of depression in the clinical practice setting is largely unknown, albeit frequently self-prescribed by patients. Whether nutraceuticals have a role in not only depression treatment but also in potentially modifying the biomarkers of depression has yet to be proven. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential biomarkers for the diagnosis, prediction, and medication response of depression.
抑郁症仍然是一个重大且日益严重的公共卫生问题。在临床实践中，它涉及临床诊断。目前，没有定义或商定的抑郁症生物标志物可以进行现成的测试。生物标志物是指可客观测量和评估的正常生理过程、发病过程或药物治疗反应的生物学指标。因此，由于没有这样的抑郁症标志物，因此在临床实践中没有抑郁症的客观衡量标准。发现这样的生物标志物将极大地有助于临床实践，并有可能导致更早地诊断出抑郁症，从而进行治疗。抑郁症的生物标志物也可能有助于确定对药物的反应。这一点尤其重要，因为并非所有开了药的患者都会有反应，这被称为药物抵抗。近年来，药物基因组学的出现有望成为抑郁症治疗的目标，尤其是在药物抵抗的情况下。药物基因组学在临床实践中常规抑郁症管理中的作用仍有待充分确立。同样，在临床实践中，用于治疗抑郁症的药物级营养素（称为营养保健品）的使用在很大程度上是未知的，尽管患者经常自行开这些药。营养保健品不仅在抑郁症治疗中，而且在潜在地改变抑郁症的生物标志物方面是否有作用，仍有待证明。本综述的目的是强调用于抑郁症诊断、预测和药物反应的潜在生物标志物。
