Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Łódź, Poland.
The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Jul 13;29(14):3313. doi: 10.3390/molecules29143313.
A growing trend in plant protection is replacing chemical preparations with environmentally friendly biological compositions. Chitosan, due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity, is an effective agent against plant diseases. The purpose of the study was to evaluate chitosan as a potential biopesticide for potato plants. Three variants of chitosan were tested: high (310-375 kDa, >75% deacetylated), medium (190-310 kDa, 75-85% deacetylated), and low (50-190 kDa, 75-85% deacetylated) molecular weight. The chitosan variants were dissolved in lactic and succinic acids and tested for antibacterial and antifungal properties against eight strains of mould and two strains of bacteria responsible for potato diseases. The possible cytotoxicity of chitosan was evaluated against different cell lines: insect Sf-9, human keratinocyte HaCaT, and human colon carcinoma Caco-2. The bioprotective activities of the chitosan were also evaluated in situ on potato tubers. Chitosan inhibited the growth of almost all the selected phytopathogens. The most active was medium molecular chitosan in lactic acid. This formula was characterized by low toxicity towards human cells and high toxicity towards Sf-9 cells. It was also found to have positive effects on the growth of stems and roots, gas exchange, and chlorophyll index in potato plants. Selected chitosan formulation was proposed as a functional biopesticide for potato protection against phytopathogens.
在植物保护中，一种日益流行的趋势是用环保的生物制剂替代化学制剂。壳聚糖由于其生物相容性、可生物降解性和生物活性，是一种防治植物病害的有效药剂。本研究的目的是评估壳聚糖作为一种潜在的马铃薯植物生物农药。测试了三种不同分子量的壳聚糖变体：高（310-375 kDa，>75%脱乙酰度）、中（190-310 kDa，75-85%脱乙酰度）和低（50-190 kDa，75-85%脱乙酰度）。将壳聚糖变体溶解在乳酸和琥珀酸中，并测试了它们对八种霉菌菌株和两种引起马铃薯疾病的细菌菌株的抗菌和抗真菌特性。评估了壳聚糖对不同细胞系的潜在细胞毒性：昆虫 Sf-9、人角质形成细胞 HaCaT 和人结肠癌细胞 Caco-2。还在马铃薯块茎上原位评估了壳聚糖的生物保护活性。壳聚糖抑制了几乎所有选定的植物病原体的生长。在乳酸中，中等分子量的壳聚糖最具活性。该配方对人类细胞的毒性较低，对 Sf-9 细胞的毒性较高。还发现它对马铃薯植物的茎和根生长、气体交换和叶绿素指数有积极影响。选择的壳聚糖配方被提议作为一种功能性生物农药，用于防治马铃薯植物的植物病原体。
