Monaco Pamela, Baldoni Apollonia, Naclerio Gino, Scippa Gabriella Stefania, Bucci Antonio
Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2024 Jun 23;12(7):1276. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12071276.
The urbanization process, which began with the Industrial Revolution, has undergone a considerable increase over the past few decades. Urbanization strongly affects ecological processes, often deleteriously, because it is associated with a decrease in green spaces (areas of land covered by vegetation), loss of natural habitats, increased rates of species extinction, a greater prevalence of invasive and exotic species, and anthropogenic pollutant accumulation. In urban environments, green spaces play a key role by providing many ecological benefits and contributing to human psychophysical well-being. It is known that interactions between plants and microorganisms that occur in the rhizosphere are of paramount importance for plant health, soil fertility, and the correct functioning of plant ecosystems. The growing diffusion of DNA sequencing technologies and "omics" analyses has provided increasing information about the composition, structure, and function of the rhizomicrobiota. However, despite the considerable amount of data on rhizosphere communities and their interactions with plants in natural/rural contexts, current knowledge on microbial communities associated with plant roots in urban soils is still very scarce. The present review discusses both plant-microbe dynamics and factors that drive the composition of the rhizomicrobiota in poorly investigated urban settings and the potential use of beneficial microbes as an innovative biological tool to face the challenges that anthropized environments and climate change impose. Unravelling urban biodiversity will contribute to green space management, preservation, and development and, ultimately, to public health and safety.
始于工业革命的城市化进程在过去几十年中显著加速。城市化对生态过程往往产生有害影响，因为它与绿地（植被覆盖的土地面积）减少、自然栖息地丧失、物种灭绝率上升、入侵物种和外来物种的广泛传播以及人为污染物积累相关。在城市环境中，绿地通过提供诸多生态效益并促进人类身心健康发挥着关键作用。众所周知，根际中发生的植物与微生物之间的相互作用对于植物健康、土壤肥力以及植物生态系统的正常运转至关重要。DNA测序技术和“组学”分析的日益普及，为根际微生物群的组成、结构和功能提供了越来越多的信息。然而，尽管在自然/农村环境中关于根际群落及其与植物相互作用的数据相当丰富，但目前关于城市土壤中与植物根系相关的微生物群落的知识仍然非常匮乏。本综述讨论了在研究较少的城市环境中植物 - 微生物动态以及驱动根际微生物群组成的因素，以及有益微生物作为一种创新生物工具来应对人为环境和气候变化带来的挑战的潜在用途。揭示城市生物多样性将有助于绿地管理、保护和发展，并最终有助于公众健康和安全。
