Šelo Gordana, Planinić Mirela, Tišma Marina, Klarić Ana-Marija, Bucić-Kojić Ana
Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, F. Kuhača 18, HR-31 000 Osijek, Croatia.
Microorganisms. 2024 Jun 27;12(7):1310. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12071310.
Grape pomace (GP) is considered a natural source of bioactive compounds. To improve the extractability of bioactive compounds, in this work, GP was biologically treated for 15 days with the white-rot fungus in laboratory jars and a tray bioreactor under solid-state fermentation (SSF) conditions. During SSF, the activity of lignolytic (laccase and manganese peroxidase) and hydrolytic (xylanase, cellulase, -glucosidase, and invertase) enzymes was measured, with the activities of laccase (2.66 U/g in jars and 0.96 U/g in the bioreactor) and xylanase (346.04 U/g in jars and 200.65 U/g in the bioreactor) being the highest. The effect of the complex enzyme system was reflected in the changes in the chemical composition of GP with increasing ash, crude protein, and free fat content: 28%, 10%, and 17% in the laboratory jars, and 29%, 11%, and 7% in the bioreactor, respectively. In addition, the biological treatment improved the extractability of 13 individual phenolic compounds. Therefore, the applied SSF technique represents an effective strategy to improve the profile of phenolic compounds and the nutritional composition of GP, promoting their valorization and opening the door for potential applications in the food industry and other sectors.
葡萄皮渣（GP）被认为是生物活性化合物的天然来源。为了提高生物活性化合物的提取率，在本研究中，在实验室广口瓶和托盘生物反应器中，在固态发酵（SSF）条件下，用白腐真菌对GP进行了15天的生物处理。在固态发酵过程中，测定了木质素分解酶（漆酶和锰过氧化物酶）和水解酶（木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和转化酶）的活性，其中漆酶活性（广口瓶中为2.66 U/g，生物反应器中为0.96 U/g）和木聚糖酶活性（广口瓶中为346.04 U/g，生物反应器中为200.65 U/g）最高。复合酶系统的作用体现在GP化学成分的变化上，灰分、粗蛋白和游离脂肪含量增加：实验室广口瓶中分别为28%、10%和17%，生物反应器中分别为29%、11%和7%。此外，生物处理提高了13种单一酚类化合物的提取率。因此，所应用的固态发酵技术是一种有效的策略，可改善酚类化合物的分布和GP的营养成分，促进其增值，并为食品工业和其他领域的潜在应用打开大门。
