State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China.
State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution (Chengdu University of Technology), 1#, Dongsanlu, Erxianqiao, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Nov 1;949:175064. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175064. Epub 2024 Jul 26.
Groundwater is a crucial water supply source in Chengdu City, western China, a region experiencing significant water scarcity. The sources of inorganic pollutants in groundwater and their potential health risks are of great concern. In this study, based on 156 groundwater samples collected in 2021 in the study area were analyzed for hydrochemical characterization and controlling factors. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model was used for contaminant source analysis, and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) combined with the Health Risk Evaluation Model (HREM) was used to quantify the health risks. The results indicate that the groundwater in the study area is predominantly of the Ca·Na-SO·HCO, Ca·Na-HCO·SO and Ca-HCO·SO types, mainly influenced by the combination of evaporation-concentration-crystallization and rock leaching-weathering. K, Na, and Cl mainly originate from the weathering and dissolution of potassium feldspar and rock salt, while Ca, Mg, HCO3, and SO primarily come from the weathering and dissolution of sulfate minerals. The main sources of groundwater pollution and their contributions are as follows: domestic pollution (25.6 %), dissolution-filtration-evaporation-concentration action (22.8 %), hydrogeochemical evolution (15.8 %), water-rock interactions (12.8 %), primary geologic context (12.1 %), and agricultural non-point source pollution (11.0 %). Cl and As are the primary contributors to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, respectively. Non-carcinogenic risks are below USEPA standards, while the average carcinogenic risk for arsenic exceeded the maximum acceptable risk level thresholds by 23 and 109 times for adults and children, respectively. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks were mainly influenced by pollutant concentrations. The primary geological background and domestic pollution contributed the most to the non-carcinogenic risk for adults (50.3 %) and children (77.1 %), and 38.2 % and 10.3 %, respectively. This study highlights the necessity of establishing a comprehensive groundwater pollution monitoring system, enhancing industrial waste management practices, and raising public awareness to mitigate contamination and ensure the sustainable use of groundwater resources in Chengdu City.
地下水是中国西部城市成都的重要供水来源，该地区严重缺水。地下水无机污染物的来源及其潜在健康风险备受关注。本研究基于 2021 年在研究区采集的 156 个地下水样本，分析了水化学特征和控制因素。采用正定矩阵因子分解 (PMF) 模型进行污染物源分析，并用蒙特卡罗模拟 (MCS) 结合健康风险评价模型 (HREM) 量化健康风险。结果表明，研究区地下水主要为 Ca·Na-SO·HCO、Ca·Na-HCO·SO 和 Ca-HCO·SO 型，主要受蒸发浓缩结晶和岩石淋滤风化的综合作用影响。K、Na 和 Cl 主要来源于钾长石和岩盐的风化溶解，而 Ca、Mg、HCO3 和 SO 主要来源于硫酸盐矿物的风化溶解。地下水污染的主要来源及其贡献率分别为：生活污染（25.6%）、溶解-过滤-蒸发-浓缩作用（22.8%）、水文地球化学演化（15.8%）、水岩相互作用（12.8%）、原生地质背景（12.1%）和农业非点源污染（11.0%）。Cl 和 As 分别是造成非致癌和致癌风险的主要因素。非致癌风险低于 USEPA 标准，而砷的平均致癌风险对成人和儿童分别超过最大可接受风险水平阈值 23 倍和 109 倍。非致癌和致癌健康风险主要受污染物浓度的影响。原生地质背景和生活污染对成人（50.3%）和儿童（77.1%）的非致癌风险贡献最大，分别为 38.2%和 10.3%。本研究强调了建立全面地下水污染监测系统、加强工业废物管理实践以及提高公众意识的必要性，以减轻污染并确保成都市地下水资源的可持续利用。
