Sardo Pedro Miguel Garcez, Moreira Inês Fernandes, Mouta Laura Ferreira de Pinho, Santos Marta Silva, Ramos Rita Conceição
School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Portugal.
Unidade Local de Saúde Gaia e Espinho, Portugal.
J Tissue Viability. 2024 Nov;33(4):712-719. doi: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.07.011. Epub 2024 Jul 22.
To map the available evidence on nursing care provided to prevent the development of pressure ulcers/injuries in emergency services.
Scoping review that follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and the Meta-Analyses extensions for Scoping Reviews and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The inclusion criteria were based on the PCC mnemonic. The main variables of interest were the nursing care provided to prevent the development of pressure ulcers/injuries (Condition) reported in studies developed in hospital emergency services (Context) with adult participants (Population). The scoping review protocol was registered on the OSF platform.
During the selection process, 175 articles were identified in different databases. Applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 studies were included in this scoping review. The preventive measures for the development of pressure ulcers/injuries were grouped into 9 categories: "risk factors and risk assessment", "support surfaces", "dressings for pressure ulcer/injury prevention", "skin and tissue assessment", "repositioning and early mobilization", "preventive skin care", "nutrition in pressure ulcer/injury prevention", "health education" and "vital signs management". The instruments for assessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers/injuries mentioned in the studies are the Braden, Waterlow and Norton scales. The most documented tool for assessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers/injuries in hospital emergency services was the Braden Scale.
International literature identified several preventive interventions that could be implemented in emergency services to avoid pressure ulcers/injuries development. However, is crucial that those preventive interventions were systematic implemented (in combination) since hospital admission.
梳理有关在急诊服务中为预防压疮/损伤发生而提供的护理的现有证据。
遵循系统评价的首选报告项目、范围综述的元分析扩展以及乔安娜·布里格斯研究所指南进行范围综述。纳入标准基于PCC记忆法。主要关注变量为在针对成年参与者的医院急诊服务（背景）中开展的研究中报告的为预防压疮/损伤发生而提供的护理（条件）。范围综述方案已在OSF平台注册。
在筛选过程中，在不同数据库中识别出175篇文章。应用纳入和排除标准后，本范围综述纳入了20项研究。预防压疮/损伤发生的措施分为9类：“风险因素与风险评估”“支撑面”“预防压疮/损伤的敷料”“皮肤和组织评估”“重新定位与早期活动”“预防性皮肤护理”“压疮/损伤预防中的营养”“健康教育”和“生命体征管理”。研究中提到的评估发生压疮/损伤风险的工具为布拉登、沃特洛和诺顿量表。在医院急诊服务中评估发生压疮/损伤风险记录最多的工具是布拉登量表。
国际文献确定了几种可在急诊服务中实施以避免压疮/损伤发生的预防性干预措施。然而，至关重要的是，自入院起就应系统地（联合）实施这些预防性干预措施。
