Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation with Rheumatology, University Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia.
Department of Geography, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2024 Jun;32(2):85-94. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a8162.
The aim of this study is to determine the interdependence between life expectancy and numerous social indicators, i.e., to determine the factors that encourage an increase or decrease in life expectancy.
Pearson coefficients as well as linear and logarithmic trends and correlations between the dependent variable of life expectancy and numerous independent variables were calculated and analysed. The calculations were carried out for all countries in the world for which data is available. Based on the strength of the correlations between life expectancy and numerous indicators, we have tried to determine the reasons for the different values of life expectancy in the various countries.
Important factors for achieving high life expectancy values are economic development and healthcare spending but the spread of "diseases of the modern era", such as obesity or diabetes, have a significant negative impact on life expectancy. Other important limiting factors for life expectancy are large income inequalities, a higher share of private healthcare expenditure in total healthcare expenditure and lower total healthcare expenditure. Less developed societies can significantly increase their life expectancy by providing clean water and safe sanitation and by combating various infectious diseases (especially HIV).
Life expectancy is a meaningful indicator of the state of social development and accurately reflects the general state of a particular society. It has been shown that GDP per capita (PPP) is a key determinant of life expectancy, while other important factors play the role of a further modifier.
本研究旨在确定预期寿命与众多社会指标之间的相互依存关系，即确定促使预期寿命增加或减少的因素。
计算并分析了预期寿命这一因变量与众多自变量之间的皮尔逊系数、线性和对数趋势以及相关性。这些计算针对所有有数据的国家进行。基于预期寿命与众多指标之间的相关性强度，我们试图确定各国之间预期寿命值不同的原因。
实现高预期寿命值的重要因素是经济发展和医疗保健支出，但“现代时代疾病”（如肥胖或糖尿病）的传播对预期寿命有显著的负面影响。影响预期寿命的其他重要限制因素包括收入差距较大、私人医疗保健支出在总医疗保健支出中所占份额较高以及总医疗保健支出较低。欠发达社会可以通过提供清洁水和安全卫生设施以及防治各种传染病（特别是 HIV）来显著提高其预期寿命。
预期寿命是社会发展状况的一个有意义的指标，准确反映了特定社会的总体状况。研究表明，人均国内生产总值（购买力平价）是预期寿命的关键决定因素，而其他重要因素则起着进一步修正的作用。
