Campos-Martínez Francisco-Javier, Salas-Álvarez Jesús-María, Falckenheiner-Soria Joshua, Murube-Algarra Carmen, Camacho-Ramírez Alonso, Visiedo-García Francisco-Manuel, Prada-Oliveira J Arturo, Pérez-Arana Gonzalo M, Ribelles-García Antonio
Surgery Unit, University Hospital Puerto Real, Andalusian Health Service, University of Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain.
Surgery Unit, Hospital San Juan de Dios Aljarafe, Andalusian Health Service, Cadiz, Spain.
Histol Histopathol. 2025 Mar;40(3):307-316. doi: 10.14670/HH-18-791. Epub 2024 Jul 5.
In our study, we focused on the role of the distal ileum as a main endocrine actor in relation to the pancreas. We investigated the effects of intestinally released hormones on the pancreas in terms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) improvement, as a main effect of bariatric surgeries. To specifically study the importance of the ileum, we used an experimental surgical model performed in healthy Wistar rats. After preduodenal transposition of the ileum, we analyzed the histology and enterohormonal cells of the intestine. We measured the plasma level of several hormones and effectors in this enteropancreatic axis. We used a surgical control (Sham) group and a surgical group, where ileum preduodenal transposition (PDIT) was performed. We measured basal glycemia and serum levels of several incretins, including GLP-1, PYY, and GIP, and we performed a glucose overdose test. After two test periods, the basal glycemia and glucose overdose results were not different between groups, however, the PDIT group had significantly increased expression of GLP-1, with increased cellular release in the ileum and duodenum compared with the Sham group. Both plasma GIP levels and GIP tissue expression were decreased in the PDIT group compared with the sham group. There were no differences in PPY hormone levels. The ileum crypts and villi of the PDIT group showed improvement in histological parameters. We concluded that model animals had an altered transposed ileum related to the enterohormonal adaptation of the ileum. Our results indicated that the ileum is important in the hormonal control of the enteropancreatic axis.
在我们的研究中，我们聚焦于回肠末端作为与胰腺相关的主要内分泌器官的作用。我们从2型糖尿病（T2DM）改善方面研究肠道释放的激素对胰腺的影响，这是减肥手术的主要作用。为了具体研究回肠的重要性，我们使用了在健康Wistar大鼠身上进行的实验性手术模型。在回肠十二指肠前转位后，我们分析了肠道的组织学和肠内分泌细胞。我们测量了这个肠胰轴中几种激素和效应物的血浆水平。我们使用了一个手术对照组（假手术组）和一个进行回肠十二指肠前转位（PDIT）的手术组。我们测量了基础血糖以及包括胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）、肽YY（PYY）和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP）在内的几种肠促胰岛素的血清水平，并进行了葡萄糖过量试验。经过两个测试期后，两组之间的基础血糖和葡萄糖过量结果没有差异，然而，与假手术组相比，PDIT组的GLP-1表达显著增加，回肠和十二指肠中的细胞释放也增加。与假手术组相比，PDIT组的血浆GIP水平和GIP组织表达均降低。PYY激素水平没有差异。PDIT组的回肠隐窝和绒毛在组织学参数方面有所改善。我们得出结论，模型动物的转位回肠与回肠的肠激素适应性改变有关。我们的结果表明，回肠在肠胰轴的激素控制中很重要。
