Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas Siglo XXI (UIMENSXII), Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Especialidades "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda G" Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
Grupo de Expertos en Hipertensión Arterial México (GREHTA), Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 12;12:1385349. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1385349. eCollection 2024.
Arterial hypertension is highly prevalent in Mexico; nevertheless, there are limited insights regarding its management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we estimate the prevalence of clinical and treatment profiles of arterial hypertension and explore associated factors for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension using a cross-sectional survey endorsed by the Collaborative Group on Arterial Hypertension from the Mexican Institute of Social Security.
Our survey was conducted from May to November 2021 using the May-Measurement Month 2021 protocols of the International Society of Hypertension. Arterial hypertension (defined as: blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mmHg, previous diagnosis, or taking antihypertensives) and its clinical and treatment profiles were classified according to the World Hypertension League Expert Committee. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to explore associated factors for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension.
Among 77,145 screened participants (women: 62.4%; median age: 46 [IQR: 32-59] years), the prevalence of arterial hypertension was 35.7% (95% CI: 35.3-36.0, = 27,540). Among participants with arterial hypertension, 30.9% (95% CI: 30.4-31.5, = 8,533) were undiagnosed, 6.6% (95% CI: 6.3%-6.9%, = 1,806) were diagnosed but untreated, 43.4% (95% CI: 42.9-44.0, = 11,965) had uncontrolled hypertension, and only 19% (95% CI: 18.6%-19.5%, = 5,236) achieved hypertension control (BP < 130/80 mmHg). Explored associated factors for undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension include being men, living in the central and southern regions, lower educational attainments, higher use of pharmacological agents, and previous COVID-19 infection.
Our findings suggest that adverse arterial hypertension profiles, mainly undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension, were highly prevalent during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico.
动脉高血压在墨西哥的发病率很高；然而，关于 COVID-19 大流行期间的管理情况，我们知之甚少。在这里，我们使用墨西哥社会保障研究所动脉高血压协作组认可的横断面调查，估计动脉高血压的临床和治疗特征的流行情况，并探讨未确诊和未控制的高血压的相关因素。
我们的调查于 2021 年 5 月至 11 月期间进行，使用国际高血压学会 2021 年 5 月测量月的方案。根据世界高血压联盟专家委员会的建议，对动脉高血压（定义为：血压 [BP] ≥140/90mmHg、既往诊断或服用抗高血压药物）及其临床和治疗特征进行分类。采用混合效应逻辑回归模型探讨未确诊和未控制高血压的相关因素。
在筛选出的 77145 名参与者中（女性：62.4%；中位年龄：46 [IQR：32-59] 岁），动脉高血压的患病率为 35.7%（95%CI：35.3-36.0， = 27540）。在患有动脉高血压的参与者中，30.9%（95%CI：30.4-31.5， = 8533）未被诊断，6.6%（95%CI：6.3%-6.9%， = 1806）被诊断但未治疗，43.4%（95%CI：42.9-44.0， = 11965）血压控制不佳，仅有 19%（95%CI：18.6%-19.5%， = 5236）达到了高血压控制（BP < 130/80mmHg）。未确诊和未控制高血压的相关因素包括男性、居住在中南部地区、较低的教育程度、更高的药物使用和以前的 COVID-19 感染。
我们的研究结果表明，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，墨西哥的动脉高血压状况不佳，主要是未确诊和未控制的高血压。
