Almassri Nada, Trujillo Francisco J, Terefe Netsanet Shiferaw
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia.
School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 12;11:1352375. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1352375. eCollection 2024.
The ruminant digestive system is uniquely designed to make efficient use of high-fibre feed, including forages. Between 40 to 100% of the ruminant diet consists of forages which are high in fibre and up to 70% of this may remain undigested in the ruminant gut, with substantial impact on feed utilisation rate and productivity and the economic and environmental sustainability of livestock production systems. In ruminants, feed costs can make up to 70% of the overall cost of producing an animal product. Increasing feed utilisation efficiency, i.e., more production with less feed lowers feeding costs and improves livestock economic viability. Strategies for improving nutrient utilisation in animal feed has been investigated over the years. Incorporation of fibre digesting enzymes in the feed to facilitate the digestion of the residual fibre in hind gut is one of the proposed strategies. However, delivering such enzymes to the hind gut in active state is challenging due to the unfavourable biochemical environment (pH, microbial proteases) of ruminant's gastrointestinal tract. This review discusses the potential application of microencapsulation for protected and targeted delivery of enzymes into the hind gut of ruminants.
反刍动物消化系统的独特设计使其能够高效利用包括草料在内的高纤维饲料。反刍动物日粮的40%至100%由高纤维草料组成，其中高达70%可能在反刍动物肠道中未被消化，这对饲料利用率、生产力以及畜牧生产系统的经济和环境可持续性产生重大影响。在反刍动物中，饲料成本可占生产动物产品总成本的70%。提高饲料利用效率，即用更少的饲料实现更多生产，可降低饲养成本并提高畜牧经济可行性。多年来一直在研究提高动物饲料养分利用率的策略。在饲料中添加纤维消化酶以促进后肠中残留纤维的消化是提出的策略之一。然而，由于反刍动物胃肠道不利的生化环境（pH值、微生物蛋白酶），将此类酶以活性状态输送到后肠具有挑战性。本文综述讨论了微囊化在将酶保护并靶向递送至反刍动物后肠中的潜在应用。
