Gilbert Scott F
Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States.
Evolutionary Phenomics Group, Biotechnology Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2024 Jul 12;12:1427798. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1427798. eCollection 2024.
Organisms are now seen as holobionts, consortia of several species that interact metabolically such that they sustain and scaffold each other's existence and propagation. Sympoiesis, the development of the symbiotic relationships that form holobionts, is critical for our understanding the origins and maintenance of biodiversity. Rather than being the read-out of a single genome, development has been found to be sympoietic, based on multigenomic interactions between zygote-derived cells and symbiotic microbes. These symbiotic and sympoietic interactions are predicated on the ability of cells from different kingdoms of life (e.g., bacteria and animals) to communicate with one another and to have their chemical signals interpreted in a manner that facilitates development. Sympoiesis, the creation of an entity by the interactions of other entities, is commonly seen in embryogenesis (e.g., the creation of lenses and retinas through the interaction of brain and epidermal compartments). In holobiont sympoiesis, interactions between partners of different domains of life interact to form organs and biofilms, wherein each of these domains acts as the environment for the other. If evolution is forged by changes in development, and if symbionts are routinely involved in our development, then changes in sympoiesis can constitute an important factor in evolution.
生物体现在被视为全生物，即由几种物种组成的共生体，它们通过代谢相互作用，从而维持并支撑彼此的生存和繁衍。共生作用，即形成全生物的共生关系的发展过程，对于我们理解生物多样性的起源和维持至关重要。研究发现，发育并非单个基因组的表达结果，而是基于合子衍生细胞与共生微生物之间的多基因组相互作用而产生的共生现象。这些共生和共生作用的相互作用取决于来自不同生命王国（如细菌和动物）的细胞相互交流并使其化学信号以促进发育的方式被解读的能力。共生作用，即通过其他实体的相互作用创造一个实体，常见于胚胎发生过程中（例如，通过脑和表皮区域的相互作用形成晶状体和视网膜）。在全生物共生作用中，不同生命领域的伙伴之间的相互作用形成器官和生物膜，其中每个领域都作为另一个领域的环境。如果进化是由发育变化塑造的，并且如果共生体经常参与我们的发育，那么共生作用的变化可能构成进化中的一个重要因素。
