Hassan Kalantar Neyestanaki Mohammad, Gholizadeh Omid, Hosseini Tabatabaie Fatemeh, Akbarzadeh Sama, Yasamineh Saman, Afkhami Hamed, Sedighi Somayeh
Department of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Science, Arāk, Iran.
Azad Researchers, Virology-Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
Virusdisease. 2024 Jun;35(2):342-356. doi: 10.1007/s13337-024-00871-0. Epub 2024 May 27.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis affecting millions of people worldwide. Along with vaccine development, there is also a priority to discover new drugs and treatments. One approach involves modulating the immune system to manage inflammation and cytokine storms. Patients with a high severity of complications exhibit a high level of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6, in the airways and other infected tissues. Several studies have reported the function of the endocannabinoid system in regulating inflammation and different immune responses. Cannabinoids are a class of natural chemicals found in the Cannabis plant. Recently, the anti-inflammatory properties of cannabinoids and their mediatory immunosuppression mechanisms through the endocannabinoid system have engrossed scientists in the health field for infectious conditions. Research suggests that the immune system can regulate cytokine activation through cannabinoid receptors, particularly with Cannabidiol (CBD), the second most prevalent compound in cannabis. While CBD has been deemed safe by the World Health Organization and shows no signs of abuse potential, excessive CBD use may lead to respiratory depression. CBD shows promise in reducing immune cell recruitment and cytokine storms in organs affected by SARS-CoV2. However, before clinical use, it's crucial to evaluate cannabinoid-based medications' active ingredient concentrations and potential interactions with other drugs, along with associated side effects. Indication-based dosing, consistent formulations, and ensuring purity and potency are essential. This review highlights cannabinoids' effects on COVID-19 management and prognosis, drawing from preclinical and clinical studies.
新冠疫情是一场影响全球数百万人的全球健康危机。除了疫苗研发外，发现新药物和治疗方法也很重要。一种方法是调节免疫系统来控制炎症和细胞因子风暴。并发症严重程度高的患者在气道和其他感染组织中表现出高水平的炎性细胞因子，尤其是白细胞介素-6。多项研究报道了内源性大麻素系统在调节炎症和不同免疫反应中的作用。大麻素是在大麻植物中发现的一类天然化学物质。最近，大麻素的抗炎特性及其通过内源性大麻素系统介导的免疫抑制机制吸引了健康领域的科学家关注传染病情况。研究表明，免疫系统可通过大麻素受体调节细胞因子激活，尤其是大麻中第二常见的化合物大麻二酚（CBD）。虽然世界卫生组织认为CBD是安全的，且无滥用潜力迹象，但过量使用CBD可能导致呼吸抑制。CBD在减少受SARS-CoV2影响器官中的免疫细胞募集和细胞因子风暴方面显示出前景。然而，在临床使用前，评估基于大麻素的药物的活性成分浓度、与其他药物的潜在相互作用以及相关副作用至关重要。基于适应症的给药、一致的配方以及确保纯度和效力至关重要。本综述借鉴临床前和临床研究，重点介绍大麻素对新冠管理和预后的影响。
