School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Aug 1;38(8):e440-e447. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004804.
Chen, P-T, Lin, Y-C, Chang, H-Y, Chiu, C-H, Chen, C-Y, Chen, P, and Lin, Y-H. Effects of shoulder corrective training program on pitching loads and sonographic morphology in elbow joint in youth baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): e440-e447, 2024-We assessed the effects of a 12-week shoulder corrective training program for shoulder flexibility and strengthening on pitching loads and sonographic morphology of the elbow joints in youth baseball players. Seventeen subjects were recruited and underwent evaluations before and after the training program. We found that following training, subjects demonstrated significantly increased ranges of shoulder internal rotation (38.9 ± 12.9° vs. 69.2 ± 10.8°, p < 0.001), external rotation (91.2 ± 14.6° vs. 107.3 ± 9.5°, p = 0.004), and horizontal adduction (21.5 ± 8.0° vs. 32.7 ± 7.3°, p = 0.002); improved strength in the shoulder internal rotators (8.7 ± 1.6 kg vs. 9.8 ± 2.1 kg, p = 0.04), external rotators (6.5 ± 1.9 kg vs. 7.5 ± 2.8 kg, p = 0.04), middle trapezius (12.7 ± 2.1 kg vs. 14.3 ± 2.4 kg, p = 0.04), and middle deltoid muscles (10.8 ± 3.3 kg vs. 14.8 ± 3.2 kg, p = 0.001); and decreased thickness of the ulnar collateral ligament (6.1 ± 0.6 mm vs. 4.8 ± 0.7 mm, p = 0.002). Although there was no substantial change in elbow torque and arm speed, significantly increased ball speed (51.2 ± 4.6 mph vs. 54.1 ± 4.5 mph, p < 0.001) and decreased arm slot (63.8 ± 11.9° vs. 53.0 ± 12.7°, p = 0.02) were observed. We suggest that adequate corrective training should be performed regularly to minimize or mitigate adverse soft tissue changes at the elbow in youth baseball players. Balanced shoulder strength and flexibility may decrease medial elbow stress during pitching. Future studies should consider the kinetic and kinematic effects of other corrective training programs on the shoulder or elbow joint during pitching.
陈 P-T，林 Y-C，张 H-Y，邱 C-H，陈 C-Y，陈 P，林 Y-H。肩部矫正训练方案对青少年棒球投手投球负荷和肘关节超声形态的影响。《力量与调节研究杂志》38（8）：e440-e447，2024 年-我们评估了为期 12 周的肩部矫正训练方案对肩部灵活性和力量的影响，以改善青少年棒球投手的投球负荷和肘关节超声形态。招募了 17 名受试者，并在训练计划前后进行了评估。我们发现，训练后，受试者的肩部内旋幅度显著增加（38.9°±12.9° vs. 69.2°±10.8°，p<0.001），外旋幅度（91.2°±14.6° vs. 107.3°±9.5°，p=0.004）和水平内收幅度（21.5°±8.0° vs. 32.7°±7.3°，p=0.002）；肩部内旋肌（8.7±1.6 kg vs. 9.8±2.1 kg，p=0.04）、外旋肌（6.5±1.9 kg vs. 7.5±2.8 kg，p=0.04）、中斜方肌（12.7±2.1 kg vs. 14.3±2.4 kg，p=0.04）和中三角肌（10.8±3.3 kg vs. 14.8±3.2 kg，p=0.001）的力量均有所提高；尺侧副韧带厚度降低（6.1±0.6 mm vs. 4.8±0.7 mm，p=0.002）。虽然肘部扭矩和手臂速度没有显著变化，但观察到球速明显增加（51.2±4.6 mph vs. 54.1±4.5 mph，p<0.001），手臂投球槽（63.8±11.9° vs. 53.0±12.7°，p=0.02）降低。我们建议，青少年棒球投手应定期进行充分的矫正训练，以最小化或减轻肘部的软组织不良变化。肩部力量和灵活性的平衡可能会降低投球时肘部的内侧压力。未来的研究应考虑在投球时，其他肩部矫正训练方案对肩部或肘关节的动力和运动学影响。
