Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Carrer de Baldiri Reixac, 10, 12, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
Macromol Biosci. 2024 Oct;24(10):e2400152. doi: 10.1002/mabi.202400152. Epub 2024 Jul 29.
Endothelium, the lining in this blood vessel, orchestrates three main critical functions such as protecting blood components, modulating of hemostasis by secreting various inhibitors, and directing clot digestion (fibrinolysis) by activating tissue plasminogen activator. No other surface can perform these tasks; thus, the contact of blood and blood-contacting medical devices inevitably leads to the activation of coagulation, often causing device failure, and thromboembolic complications. This perspective, first, discusses the biological mechanisms of activation of coagulation and highlights the efforts of advanced coatings to recapitulate one characteristic of endothelium, hereafter single functions of endothelium and noting necessity of the synergistic integration of its three main functions. Subsequently, it is emphasized that to overcome the challenges of blood compatibility an endothelium-mimicking system is needed, proposing a synergy of bottom-up synthetic biology, particularly synthetic cells, with passive- and bioactive surface coatings. Such integration holds promise for developing advanced biomaterials capable of recapitulating endothelial functions, thereby enhancing the hemocompatibility and performance of blood-contacting medical devices.
血管内皮作为血管的内层，通过分泌各种抑制剂来调节止血作用，并通过激活组织纤溶酶原激活物来促进血栓溶解（纤溶），从而协调完成保护血液成分等三项关键功能。没有其他表面可以执行这些任务；因此，血液与血液接触的医疗设备的接触不可避免地会导致凝血的激活，这常常导致设备故障和血栓栓塞并发症。本观点首先讨论了凝血激活的生物学机制，并强调了先进涂层的努力，以重现内皮细胞的一个特征，即内皮细胞的单一功能，并指出其三个主要功能协同整合的必要性。随后，强调需要一种模拟内皮细胞的系统来克服血液相容性的挑战，提出了自下而上的合成生物学，特别是合成细胞，与被动和生物活性表面涂层的协同作用。这种整合有望开发出能够再现内皮细胞功能的先进生物材料，从而提高血液接触医疗设备的血液相容性和性能。
