Boitieux J L, Desmet G, Thomas D
Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 1985;43(2):183-91.
The use of enzymes immobilized or as markers formed the subject of more than thousand publications in the field of industry or biomedical applications, during the last five years. Recently, some authors published works concerning immobilization of total microorganisms for catalytic purposes, others use the enzymatic activity for marking molecules involved in immunological analysis processes. Together industrial biotechnology and medical analysis laboratory are interested with the evolution of these procedures involving the activity of immobilized enzymes. Enzyme immobilization allowed the lowering of analysis costs for, in this case, the enzyme can be used several times. We take account of the two main cases which are encountered during utilization of immobilized enzymes of analytical purposes. The enzyme is used directly for the catalysed reaction or it is used as enzymatic marker. These both aspects are developed mainly for the elaboration of enzymatic and immunoenzymatic electrodes and the realization of automatic computerized devices allowing continuous estimation of numerous biological blood parameters. From these two precise examples, glucose and antigen determination, the authors show the evolution of these technologies in the field of immobilized enzymes or captors and the analysis of signals given by these electrodes requiring a computerized treatment. This new technology opens to important potentialities in the analytical field. The automatization of these devices allowing the control in real time, will probably make easier the optimization steps of procedures actually used in the biomedical sphere.
在过去五年中，固定化酶的使用或作为标记物在工业或生物医学应用领域已成为一千多篇出版物的主题。最近，一些作者发表了关于为催化目的固定化整个微生物的作品，另一些人则利用酶活性来标记免疫分析过程中涉及的分子。工业生物技术和医学分析实验室都对这些涉及固定化酶活性的程序的发展感兴趣。酶固定化可以降低分析成本，因为在这种情况下，酶可以多次使用。我们考虑了在分析目的使用固定化酶过程中遇到的两种主要情况。酶直接用于催化反应或用作酶标记物。这两个方面主要是为了开发酶电极和免疫酶电极以及实现能够连续估计多种血液生物学参数的自动化计算机设备。通过葡萄糖和抗原测定这两个具体例子，作者展示了这些技术在固定化酶或捕获剂领域的发展以及对这些需要计算机处理的电极所给出信号的分析。这项新技术在分析领域具有重要的潜力。这些设备的自动化能够实时控制，可能会使生物医学领域实际使用的程序的优化步骤更加容易。
