Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Sep;367:122007. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122007. Epub 2024 Jul 28.
Long-term monoculture may affect soil environment biodiversity. An example of such a plant is radish (Raphanus sativus var. sativus), an economically important crop in Poland, a quick-growing vegetable with intensified harvest throughout the season. The aim of this study was to determine changes in biodiversity of soil under radish cultivation and to compare the research methods applied. The monoculture practice affected soil pH, but the organic carbon content remained stable. 16S RNA-seq analysis revealed changes in soil microbial population, with the dominant phyla Proteobacteria (37.3%), Acidobacteria (19%), and Actinobacteria (16%), and the dominant taxa Gaiella (1.59%), Devosia (1.51%) and Nocardioides (1.43%). These changes have not fully expressed in the number of culturable microorganisms, where only fungal abundance changed significantly. However, the physiological state of microbial cells (λ) indicated that oligotrophs and copiotrophs were in a vegetative (λ > 3.0) state at the beginning of the season and fungi at the end of the year. Changes in the biodiversity of soil microorganisms were visualised using Community Level Physiological Profiling, where an oscillation in Average Well Colour Development (OD = 0.78-1.48) was observed in successive months of radish culture, with biodiversity indices (Shannon and Substance richness) remaining similar. The greatest variation in the influence of monoculture practice on soil factors was observed for the soil enzymes activities (for dehydrogenase and peroxidase activities - 0.5 μg TPF/h/g DW and 1.5 μmolPYGL/h/g DW respectively). Alkaline phosphatases predominated among this group of enzymes, and the activity of carbon metabolism enzymes decreased over the season, except for invertases, where an increase in activity of up to 50 μg Glc/h/g DW was observed. All the parameters studied indicated changes in the soil environment. Nevertheless the microbial community remains stable during the whole experiment returning to equilibrium in a quite short time after changing conditions.
长期的单一栽培可能会影响土壤环境的生物多样性。萝卜（Raphanus sativus var. sativus）就是一个这样的例子，它是波兰一种经济上重要的作物，是一种生长迅速的蔬菜，整个季节都在加紧收获。本研究的目的是确定萝卜种植下土壤生物多样性的变化，并比较应用的研究方法。单一栽培实践影响了土壤的 pH 值，但有机碳含量保持稳定。16S RNA 测序分析显示，土壤微生物种群发生了变化，优势门为变形菌门（37.3%）、酸杆菌门（19%）和放线菌门（16%），主要分类群为 Gaiella（1.59%）、Devosia（1.51%）和 Nocardioides（1.43%）。这些变化并没有完全表现在可培养微生物的数量上，只有真菌丰度发生了显著变化。然而，微生物细胞的生理状态（λ）表明，在季节开始时，寡营养菌和富营养菌处于营养生长（λ>3.0）状态，而真菌则在年底。使用群落水平生理图谱可视化土壤微生物生物多样性的变化，在萝卜连续种植的几个月中观察到平均好氧显色（OD=0.78-1.48）的波动，生物多样性指数（Shannon 和 Substance 丰富度）保持相似。在单一栽培实践对土壤因子的影响方面，观察到最大的变化是土壤酶活性（脱氢酶和过氧化物酶活性分别为 0.5μg TPF/h/g DW 和 1.5μmolPYGL/h/g DW）。碱性磷酸酶在这组酶中占优势，碳代谢酶的活性在整个季节下降，除了转化酶，其活性增加了高达 50μg Glc/h/g DW。所有研究的参数都表明土壤环境发生了变化。然而，微生物群落在整个实验过程中保持稳定，在改变条件后很快就恢复到平衡状态。
