Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Research Department, New Work Impact, 50000, Meknes, Morocco.
BMC Med Educ. 2024 Jul 29;24(1):812. doi: 10.1186/s12909-024-05792-6.
Burnout is a growing problem in medical education, and is usually characterised by three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced professional efficacy. Currently, the majority of burnout studies have been conducted in western high-income countries, overshadowing findings from low- and middle-income countries. Our objective is to investigate burnout and its associated predictive factors in Morocco, aiming to guide intervention strategies, while also assessing differences between the preclinical and clinical years.
A cross-sectional, self-administered online survey assessing burnout dimensions and its main determinants was distributed among medical students at Université Mohammed VI des Sciences et de la Santé (UM6SS, Casablanca, Morocco). Descriptive analyses involved computing mean scores, standard deviations and Pearson correlations. Further, t-tests were performed to check for significant differences in burnout dimensions across the preclinical and clinical learning phase, and stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted using a backward elimination method to estimate the effects of the selected variables on the three burnout dimensions.
A t-test assessing the difference in cynicism found a significant difference between students at the preclinical phase and the clinical phase, t(90) = -2.5, p = 0.01. For emotional exhaustion and reduced professional efficacy no significant difference was observed. A linear regression analysis showed that emotional exhaustion was significantly predicted by workload, work-home conflict, social support from peers and neuroticism. Cynicism was predicted by the learning phase, workload, meaningfulness and neuroticism; and reduced professional efficacy by neuroticism only.
Our findings suggest a potential gradual increase in cynicism during medical education in Morocco. Conducting this study in a low- and middle income country has enhanced the scientific understanding of burnout in these regions. Given the identified predictive factors for burnout, such as workload, work-home conflict, support from peers, neuroticism, and meaningfulness, it is necessary to focus on these elements when developing burnout interventions.
倦怠是医学教育中日益严重的问题，通常表现为三个维度：情绪耗竭、玩世不恭和职业效能感降低。目前，大多数倦怠研究都是在西方高收入国家进行的，这掩盖了来自中低收入国家的发现。我们的目标是在摩洛哥调查倦怠及其相关的预测因素，旨在指导干预策略，同时评估临床前和临床阶段之间的差异。
一项横断面、自我管理的在线调查评估了倦怠维度及其主要决定因素，该调查在摩洛哥穆罕默德六世大学健康科学学院（UM6SS，卡萨布兰卡）的医学生中进行。描述性分析包括计算平均分数、标准差和皮尔逊相关系数。此外，还进行了 t 检验，以检查倦怠维度在临床前和临床学习阶段的显著差异，并使用向后消除法进行逐步线性回归分析，以估计所选变量对三个倦怠维度的影响。
一项评估玩世不恭差异的 t 检验发现，临床前阶段和临床阶段的学生之间存在显著差异，t(90)=-2.5，p=0.01。对于情绪耗竭和职业效能感降低，没有观察到显著差异。线性回归分析表明，情绪耗竭与工作量、工作与家庭冲突、同龄人的社会支持和神经质显著相关。玩世不恭由学习阶段、工作量、意义和神经质预测；职业效能感仅由神经质预测。
我们的研究结果表明，在摩洛哥的医学教育中，玩世不恭可能会逐渐增加。在中低收入国家进行这项研究增强了对这些地区倦怠的科学认识。鉴于倦怠的预测因素，如工作量、工作与家庭冲突、来自同龄人的支持、神经质和意义，在制定倦怠干预措施时，必须关注这些因素。
