Ren Yuanfei, Wang Hao, Song Xiaoshuang, Wu Yanli, Lyu Yongtao, Zeng Wei
The First Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Jul 15;12:1394758. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1394758. eCollection 2024.
The escalating prevalence of diabetes has accentuated the significance of addressing the associated diabetic foot problem as a major public health concern. Effectively offloading plantar pressure stands out as a crucial factor in preventing diabetic foot complications. This review comprehensively examines the design, manufacturing, and evaluation strategies employed in the development of diabetic foot insoles. Furthermore, it offers innovative insights and guidance for enhancing their performance and facilitating clinical applications. Insoles designed with total contact customization, utilizing softer and highly absorbent materials, as well as incorporating elliptical porous structures or triply periodic minimal surface structures, prove to be more adept at preventing diabetic foot complications. Fused Deposition Modeling is commonly employed for manufacturing; however, due to limitations in printing complex structures, Selective Laser Sintering is recommended for intricate insole designs. Preceding clinical implementation, and testing methodologies play a crucial role in thoroughly evaluating the pressure-offloading efficacy of these insoles. Future research directions include advancing inverse design through machine learning, exploring topology optimization for lightweight solutions, integrating flexible sensor configurations, and innovating new skin-like materials tailored for diabetic foot insoles. These endeavors aim to further propel the development and effectiveness of diabetic foot management strategies. Future research avenues should explore inverse design methodologies based on machine learning, topology optimization for lightweight structures, the integration of flexible sensors, and the development of novel skin-like materials specifically tailored for diabetic foot insoles. Advancements in these areas hold promise for further enhancing the effectiveness and applicability of diabetic foot prevention measures.
糖尿病患病率的不断上升凸显了将相关糖尿病足问题作为主要公共卫生问题加以解决的重要性。有效减轻足底压力是预防糖尿病足并发症的关键因素。本综述全面考察了糖尿病足鞋垫开发中所采用的设计、制造和评估策略。此外，它还为提高鞋垫性能和促进临床应用提供了创新性见解和指导。采用全接触定制设计、使用更柔软且高吸水性材料以及融入椭圆形多孔结构或三重周期极小曲面结构的鞋垫，在预防糖尿病足并发症方面表现得更为出色。熔融沉积成型常用于制造；然而，由于打印复杂结构存在局限性，对于复杂的鞋垫设计，建议采用选择性激光烧结。在临床应用之前，测试方法对于全面评估这些鞋垫的减压效果起着关键作用。未来的研究方向包括通过机器学习推进逆向设计、探索轻量化解决方案的拓扑优化、集成灵活的传感器配置以及创新专门为糖尿病足鞋垫量身定制的新型类皮肤材料。这些努力旨在进一步推动糖尿病足管理策略的发展和有效性。未来的研究途径应探索基于机器学习的逆向设计方法、轻量化结构的拓扑优化、灵活传感器的集成以及专门为糖尿病足鞋垫量身定制的新型类皮肤材料的开发。这些领域的进展有望进一步提高糖尿病足预防措施的有效性和适用性。
