Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital/Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 15;12:1386341. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1386341. eCollection 2024.
Observational studies suggest that air pollutants, including particulate matter and nitrogen compounds, could elevate asthma and allergic rhinitis health risks. Nevertheless, the exact nature of the causal relationship between air pollution and asthma and allergic rhinitis remains unknown. This study utilizes the Mendelian randomization (MR) technique to explore the potential causal links between air pollution components (PM, PM, PM, NO₂, and nitrogen dioxide) and the incidence of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
A MR study utilized summary statistics from GWAS that are publicly accessible. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) approach served as the foundational analysis technique. To ensure robustness, supplementary methodologies such as the weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple mode, and weighted model were also applied. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q test, and the presence of pleiotropy was determined through MR-Egger regression. The MR-PRESSO test was employed for outlier detection, and the analysis's sensitivity was scrutinized via a leave-one-out strategy.
The IVW technique showed a strong correlation between PM10 and asthma (OR = 0.625, 95% CI = 0.396-0.988, = 0.044). No significant associations were found between asthma and other air pollutants such as PM, PM, NO₂, or nitrogen dioxide. Similarly, allergic rhinitis showed no causal relationships with any studied air pollution metrics. Pleiotropy was absent in the findings. Sensitivity analyses, employing the leave-one-out method, confirmed the stability of these results, unaffected by individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
This Mendelian randomization study establishes a causal link between PM10 exposure and asthma, suggesting that interventions to reduce air pollution may decelerate the adverse progression of asthma.
观察性研究表明，空气污染物，包括颗粒物和氮化合物，可能会增加哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的健康风险。然而，空气污染与哮喘和过敏性鼻炎之间的确切因果关系性质仍不清楚。本研究利用孟德尔随机化（MR）技术探讨空气污染物成分（PM、PM、PM、NO₂和二氧化氮）与过敏性鼻炎和哮喘发病之间的潜在因果关系。
MR 研究利用了公开可得的 GWAS 汇总统计数据。逆方差加权（IVW）方法是基础分析技术。为了确保稳健性，还应用了加权中位数、MR-Egger 回归、简单模式和加权模型等补充方法。通过 Cochran's Q 检验评估异质性，通过 MR-Egger 回归确定存在多效性。使用 MR-PRESSO 检验进行异常值检测，并通过单核苷酸多态性（SNP）剔除策略检查分析的敏感性。
IVW 技术显示 PM10 与哮喘之间存在很强的相关性（OR=0.625，95%CI=0.396-0.988，=0.044）。哮喘与其他空气污染物如 PM、PM、NO₂或二氧化氮之间没有显著关联。同样，过敏性鼻炎与任何研究的空气污染物指标之间没有因果关系。研究结果未发现多效性。采用单 SNP 剔除法的敏感性分析证实了这些结果的稳定性，不受单个 SNP 的影响。
这项孟德尔随机化研究确立了 PM10 暴露与哮喘之间的因果关系，表明减少空气污染的干预措施可能会减缓哮喘的不良进展。
