Yang Dan, Yan Yongjie, Pu Kexue
School of Medical Information, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Medical Data Research Institute of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022 Aug 8;15:1501-1515. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S373085. eCollection 2022.
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a severe and the most common chronic allergic disease, affecting 10-40% of the world population. The effect of air pollutants on AR has been confirmed in clinical experiments.
This study aimed to quantify the association between air pollutants and daily outpatient visits for AR in Chongqing, China.
Based on the data of AR outpatients in the primary urban area of Chongqing from 2016 to 2017, along with the atmospheric pollutants and meteorological data in the same period, the distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the time-series. We examined the effects of the single and double pollutant models with a maximum lag day of 30 days. Effect estimates were described as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in daily outpatient visits for AR per 10 μg/m increases in PM, PM, SO, NO, O, and per 1 mg/m increase in CO.
A single pollutant's O level had an immediate positive effect on AR within two days, the relative risks (RR, 95% CI) were 1.066 (1.008-1.127), 1.057 (1.005-1.112) and 1.048 (1.002-1.097). PM had a lag effect within 11-18 days, the max relative risks (RR, 95% CI) were 1.083 (1.010-1.160). Moreover, O, PM, PM, SO and NO had significant effects on AR in the two-pollutant model. The RR cumulative effect of PM became more pronounced as the concentration increased. The cumulative effect of NO was lesser than PM.
Air pollutants were associated with the daily outpatient visits for AR, which may have considerable implications for developing tailored health policies and services to prevent AR in Chongqing and even all over the world.
变应性鼻炎（AR）是一种严重且最常见的慢性变应性疾病，影响着全球10%-40%的人口。空气污染物对AR的影响已在临床实验中得到证实。
本研究旨在量化中国重庆空气污染物与AR每日门诊就诊人数之间的关联。
基于2016年至2017年重庆主城区AR门诊患者的数据，以及同期的大气污染物和气象数据，采用分布滞后非线性模型（DLNM）和广义相加模型（GAM）对时间序列进行分析。我们检验了最大滞后天数为30天的单污染物模型和双污染物模型的效应。效应估计值以每10μg/m³的PM、PM、SO、NO、O增加以及每1mg/m³的CO增加时AR每日门诊就诊人数的相对风险（RR）和95%置信区间（CIs）来描述。
单污染物的O水平在两天内对AR有即刻正向效应，相对风险（RR，95%CI）分别为1.066（1.008-1.127）、1.057（1.005-1.112）和1.048（1.002-1.097）。PM在11-18天内有滞后效应，最大相对风险（RR，95%CI）为1.083（1.010-1.160）。此外，在双污染物模型中，O、PM、PM、SO和NO对AR有显著影响。PM的RR累积效应随浓度增加变得更加明显。NO的累积效应小于PM。
空气污染物与AR的每日门诊就诊人数相关，这可能对制定针对性的健康政策和服务以预防重庆乃至全球的AR具有重要意义。
