Cheng Wen-Han, Chung Fa-Po, Lin Yenn-Jiang, Lo Li-Wei, Chang Shih-Lin, Hu Yu-Feng, Tuan Ta-Chuan, Chao Tze-Fan, Liao Jo-Nan, Lin Chin-Yu, Chang Ting-Yung, Kuo Ling, Wu Cheng-I, Liu Chih-Min, Liu Shin-Huei, Chen Shih-Ann
Heart Rhythm Center and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 11217 Taipei, Taiwan.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 112304 Taipei, Taiwan.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Sep 19;23(9):324. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2309324. eCollection 2022 Sep.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a group of arrhythmogenic disorders of the myocardium that are not caused by ischemic, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. The clinical manifestations of ACMs may overlap those of dilated cardiomyopathy, complicating the differential diagnosis. In several ACMs, ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been observed at an early stage, regardless of the severity of the disease. Therefore, preventing recurrences of VT can be a clinical challenge. There is a wide range of efficacy and side effects associated with the use of antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) in the treatment of VT. In addition to AADs, patients with ACM and ventricular tachyarrhythmias may benefit from catheter ablation, especially if they are drug-refractory. The differences in pathogenesis between the various types of ACMs can lead to heterogeneous distributions of arrhythmogenic substrates, non-uniform ablation strategies, and distinct ablation outcomes. Ablation has been documented to be effective in eliminating ventricular tachyarrhythmias in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVC), sarcoidosis, Chagas cardiomyopathy, and Brugada syndrome (BrS). As an entity that is rare in nature, ablation for ventricular tachycardia in certain forms of ACM may only be reported through case reports, such as amyloidosis and left ventricular noncompaction. Several types of ACMs, including ARVC, sarcoidosis, Chagas cardiomyopathy, BrS, and left ventricular noncompaction, may exhibit diseased substrates within or adjacent to the epicardium that may be accountable for ventricular arrhythmogenesis. As a result, combining endocardial and epicardial ablation is of clinical importance for successful ablation. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the substrate characteristics, ablation strategies, and ablation outcomes of various types of ACMs using endocardial and epicardial approaches.
致心律失常性心肌病(ACM)是一组非由缺血性、高血压性或瓣膜性心脏病引起的心肌致心律失常性疾病。ACM的临床表现可能与扩张型心肌病的临床表现重叠,使鉴别诊断复杂化。在几种ACM中,无论疾病严重程度如何,在早期均观察到室性心动过速(VT)。因此,预防VT复发可能是一项临床挑战。在VT治疗中使用抗心律失常药物(AAD)存在广泛的疗效和副作用。除AAD外,患有ACM和室性快速性心律失常的患者可能从导管消融中获益,特别是如果他们对药物难治。各种类型ACM之间发病机制的差异可导致致心律失常基质的异质性分布、消融策略不一致以及不同的消融结果。已有文献证明消融在消除致心律失常性右室发育不良(ARVC)、结节病、恰加斯心肌病和 Brugada综合征(BrS)中的室性快速性心律失常方面有效。作为一种本质上罕见的疾病,某些形式的ACM中室性心动过速的消融可能仅通过病例报告报道,如淀粉样变性和左室心肌致密化不全。几种类型的ACM,包括ARVC、结节病、恰加斯心肌病、BrS和左室心肌致密化不全,可能在心脏外膜内或其附近表现出病变基质,这可能是室性心律失常发生的原因。因此,联合心内膜和心外膜消融对于成功消融具有临床重要性。本文的目的是使用心内膜和心外膜方法全面概述各种类型ACM的基质特征、消融策略和消融结果。